Cell Cycle + Mitosis Flashcards
How do eukaryotic cells divide?
Eukaryotic cells divide by mitosis or meiosis after they have entered the cell cycle
How do prokaryotic cells replicate?
Prokaryotic cells replicate by binary fission
How do viruses replicate/divide?
Viruses replicate inside host cells they have invaded by injecting their nucleic acid into the cell to replicate virus particles
How many stages are there in the cell cycle? What is each one called?
There are three stages:
Interphase (GI,S, G2)
Nuclear division (mitosis/meiosis) Cytokinesis
What is the longest stage of the cell cycle?
Interphase
What occurs in interphase?
Organelles double, cells grow in size and the DNA replicates
What part of interphase does DNA replication occur? What part of interphase does growth of the cell and error checking occur?
S phase = DNA replication
G2 = growth and error checking
What happens in mitosis nuclear division? What happens in meiosis nuclear division?
In mitosis two identical diploid cells are created
In meiosis four genetically different haploid cells are created
What does mitosis create? What does meiosis create?
Mitosis creates cells with identical DNA for growth and repair. Meiosis creates gametes
What is the final stage of the cell cycle?
Cytokinesis
How many stages are there in mitosis? What are these stages called?
There are four stages in mitosis called:
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
What is mitosis?
Mitosis is the basis of asexual reproduction, the production of new individuals of a species by one parent organism
Prophase:
What happens to the chromosomes?
What happens to the nucleus?
What do the centrioles do?
In prophase, the chromosomes condenser and become visible
The nucleolus disappears
The centrioles separate and move to opposite poles of the cell
Metaphase:
What happens with the nucleus?
What do the centrioles do and release?
What happens with the chromosomes?
What do the spindle fibres do?
In metaphase the nucleus is no longer present.
The centrioles position themselves at opposite poles of the cell and spindle fibres release
Chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell and spindle fibres attach to the centromere and chromatids
Anaphase:
What do the spindle fibres do?
What does the actions of the spindle fibres cause?
What does this stage require to occur?
In anaphase the spindle fibres retract pulling the centromere and chromatids towards opposite poles
This causes the centromere to divide into two and individual chromatids to be pulled to opposite poles
This stage requires ATP provided by respiration in mitochondria
