Prokaryotic Cells Flashcards
To understand the structure and functions of prokaryotic organelles
What is the DNA in prokaryotes like?
The DNA of prokaryotes is free in the cytoplasm.
Prokaryotes have circular DNA.
The central nucleoid determines when the cell divides.
Secondary plasmids contain genes for things like antibiotic resistance.
Plasmids can be copied across bacteria.
What are prokaryote cell walls made out of?
Bacterial cell walls are usually made out of a form of glycoprotein such as murein.
What is the function of a flagella?
It is a hair-like structure that rotates to give the prokaryote mobility.
What do prokaryotes sometimes have?
A protective slime capsule
What are the stages of binary fission?
- The nucleoid and plasmids replicate:
The central nucleoid is only replicated once, but the plasmids can replicate a number of times.
- The cell increases in size and DNA moves to the opposite ends of the cell.
- The cytoplasm divides and a new cell wall begins to form.
- Two daughter cells are produced.
Each has a single copy of the nucleoid and a variable number of copied plasmids.
