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Biology - Cells (section 2) > Prokaryotic cell structures > Flashcards

Prokaryotic cell structures Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the bacterial cell structures

A 
Capsule
Pilus
(70S) Ribosomes
Plasmids
Cell membrane
Nucleoid
Flagella
Large circular strand of DNA
Cell wall
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2
Q

Describe the function of the capsule

A

To help protect the inside of the bacteria and prevent desiccation (dry up) and chemical attack from other cells

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3
Q

Describe the function of pilli

A

To help the bacteria to attach to something

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4
Q

Describe the function of plasmids

A
  • Smaller, secondary storage of DNA
  • Can reproduce themselves + may give the bacteria resistance to harmful chemicals (e.g antibiotics)
  • Have the genes that may aid survival of bacteria in harmful conditions
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5
Q

Describe the function of nucleoid (large circular double strand of DNA)

A

Has genetic info for replication of bacterial cells

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6
Q

Describe the function of flagella

A

To help cell movement

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7
Q

Describe the function of cell wall

A

Supports and strengthens cell + made of murein

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8
Q

Describe the function of the cell membrane

A

acts as a differentially permeable layer + controls entry and exit of chemicals

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9
Q

Name the cell structures in viruses

A 
Attachment protein
Lipid envelope
DNA/RNA
Capsid
Nucleoproteins
Matrix
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10
Q

Describe the function of attachment protein

A

To allow the virus to attach onto (other) host cells (either attachment protein/ lipid envelope are present - rarely both)

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11
Q

Describe the function of lipid envelope

A

derived from the host cell membrane (either attachment protein/ lipid envelope are present - rarely both)

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12
Q

Describe the function of DNA/RNA

A

encodes virus proteins but only multiplies in living host cells

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13
Q

Describe the function of capsid

A

protein coat that encapsulates the DNA/RNA (nucleic acids)

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14
Q

Describe the function of nucleoproteins

A

accessory proteins e.g enzymes

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15
Q

Describe the function of matrix

A

protein layer on the inside of the envelope (like another membrane)

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16
Q

Describe virus replication

A
  1. Virus attaches to host cell + injects genetic material
  2. Genetic material used as code to synthesise proteins
  3. Now virus particles are attached
  4. Virus bursts out and destroys the host cell
17
Q

Describe how bacteria multiplies

A

Binary fission - divides in two and continues to divide (asexual replication)

Biology - Cells (section 2) (17 decks)

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