Prokaryotic Cell Structure (+vs Eukaryotes) Flashcards
Give the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
P: single called organisms eg bacteria & archaea
E: more complex cells eg animals, plants & fungi
P: no nucleus-> circular loop of DNA in the cytoplasm, no introns, no proteins/histores/chromosomes
E: nucleus present
P: no membrane bound organelles-> always give two examples
E: Membrane bound organelles-> mitochondria/chloroplasts (plants), Golgi apparatus, rough Endoplasmic reticulum
P: small ribosomes (70S)
E: large/big ribosomes (80S)
P: cell wall -> peptidoglycan (glycoprotein)
E: animals-> cell walls absent
Plants-> cellulose
Fungi-> chitin
P: plasmids present (all)
E: plasmids absent
P: capsule (some)
E: capsule absent
List the structure of prokaryotic cells
Loop of DNA
Cytoplasm
Small ribosome
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Slime capsule
Flagella
Plasmids
Loop of DNA
No nucleus , DNA is free in the cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Reactions take place (all)
Small ribosomes
- make proteins
- made from proteins and mRNA
Cell membrane
(All) controls what goes in and out
Cell wall
(All) -made from peptidoglycan
- gives strength and structure
Slime capsule
- extra protection slime layer
- adds extra protection
Flagella
Rotates to move the cell
Plasmids
(Some)
- small loops of DNA
- can be passed between bacteria
- can Carry useful genes eg antibiotic resistance
Prokaryotic have no membrane bound organelles aka,….
- nucleus
- Golgi
- ER
- lysosomes
- mitochondria
- chloroplasts
Size of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells
Bacterial = 1-10ym long
Eukaryotic = 8-100ym
Whats the flagellum called on a sperm cell
Undulipodium (undulate meaning waves like a tail) ONLY ON SPERM CELL
Infolding plasma membrane
May form a photosynthetic membrane or carry out nitrogen fixation
Mesosomes
Infolding of plasma membrane associated w DNA during cell division and helps w formation of new. Cell walls
