baseline test Flashcards
what is activation energy?
energy needed to make a reaction take place
what is the active site?
place on the enzyme molecule where the substrate fits
what is active transport?
movement of substance against a concentration gradient requiring ATP
what is bacteria?
A single felled organism with no nucleus
What is a cell?
Fundamental building block of living organisms
what is a chromosome?
Made up from DNA found in nucleus
what is cytoplasm?
Found in all living cells where chemical reactions take place
what does denatured mean?
When the shape of the enzyme molecule changes so it is not able to function
what is diffusion?
the net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration
What are enzymes?
Biological catalysts that speed up the rate of reaction
What is a food chain ?
Feeding relationship between different organisms in an ecosystem
What is a gene?
A part of DNA that codes for a protein
What is homeostasis?
Maintaining an internal environment
What is mitosis?
Cell division in which two identical daughter cells are produced
What is the nucleus ?
An organelle that contains the genetic material and controls cell activity
What is osmosis?
Diffusion of water from a less to a more concentrated solution
What is photosynthesis ?
Process carried out by plants in which light energy is used to produce glucose
What is Respiration
Process where glucose is broken down to provide energy in all cells
What is a tissue
A group of cells that has a similar structure of function
Where in the cell do the chemical reactions take place ?
In the cytoplasm
In which process is light and energy used to produce glucose?
Photosynthesis
Define the term respiration
A process in which glucose is broken down to produce energy in the cell
What is a gene?
A part of DNA that codes for a protein
What is the term used to describe the loss of function by enzymes ?
Denatured
What is the tissue made up of?
A group of cells with similar structure and function (working together)
What is the function of cellulose
Gives support and shape to the cell
What is the function of the cell membrane
Surrounds cell content
What is the function of the nucleus?
Contains DNA and controls cell activity
What is the function of cytoplasm?
Site of metabolic reactions
What is the function of the large permanent vacuole?
Contains cell sap and helps provide shape to the cell
Is the cellulose cell wall a feature in a plant or animal cell ?
Plant
Is the cell membrane a feature in a plant or animal cell?
Both
Is the nucleus a feature in a plant or animal cell?
Both
Is the cytoplasm a feature in plant or animal cells?
Both
Is the permanent vacuole a plant or animal cell
Plant
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
Transports and stores lipids
Ribosomes
Site of photosynthesis
SMOOTH _________________ RETICULUM
Endoplasmic
ROUGH ______________ RETICULUM
Endoplasmic
(Has ribosomes on the surface)
What does the lysosome do?
Digestive enzymes to destroy old organelles
What are the features of a prokaryote cell?
- flagella
- nucleoid
- plasmid
- slime capsule
- cell walls
- cytoplasm
- cell membrane
- ribosomes
- DNA
Major component found in plant cell wall - cellulose
Carbohydrates
Provides thermal insulation
Lipids
Can either be found as fats or oils
Lipids
Needed to build up muscles in animals
Proteins
Main compound used in respiration
Carbohydrates
Amino acids are the building blocks
Protein
Made up of fatty acids and glycerol
Lipids
Examples include enzymes, hormones and haemoglobin
Proteins
Includes glucose, sucrose, starch
Carbohydrates
Denature/ break down at high temperature
Proteins
What’s a monomer
Building block of smaller units of which larger molecules are made (polymers)
What is a polymer?
Molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together by condensation reactions
FOR CARBOHYDRATES GIVE:
Name of monomers
Name of polymers
Functions of the biological molecule
Elements found in this biological molecule
- Glucose, fructose, galactose, deoxyribose
- cellulose, starch, glycogen
- source of energy
- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
FOR LIPIDS GIVE:
Name of monomers
Name of polymers
Functions of the biological molecule
Elements found in this biological molecule
- lipids don’t have monomers
- n/a
- source of energy / insulation
- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
FOR PROTEINS GIVE:
Name of monomers
Name of polymers
Functions of the biological molecule
Elements found in this biological molecule
- amino acids
- enzymes, haemoglobin, insulin, keratin
- muscle development, immune system, enzymes
- carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen , oxygen
FOR NUCLEIC ACIDS GIVE:
Name of monomers
Name of polymers
Functions of the biological molecule
Elements found in this biological molecule
- nucleotides
- DNA & RNA
- coding of your traits, genetic information
- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, nitrogen
GIVE THE METHOD, CHEMICAL & POSITIVE RESULT FOR THIS BIOLOGICAL MOLECULE:
Reducing sugar
- Add Benedict’s solution to a food sample and heat in a water bath (85*C)
- Look for colour change to brick red (precipitate)
(The closer to brick red, the more reducing sugar)
GIVE THE METHOD, CHEMICAL & POSITIVE RESULT FOR THIS BIOLOGICAL MOLECULE:
IODINE
- add iodine to the food sample (to test for starch)
- look for colour change of blue/black
GIVE THE METHOD, CHEMICAL & POSITIVE RESULT FOR THIS BIOLOGICAL MOLECULE:
Protein
- add burnet solution to your food sample
- colour change to lilac/purple
GIVE THE METHOD, CHEMICAL & POSITIVE RESULT FOR THIS BIOLOGICAL MOLECULE:
lipid
- add ethanol and water
- milky white precipitate (cloudy emulsion)
What does A, C , G , T stand for
- adenine
- cytosine
- guanine
- thymine
How many letters code for each amino acid?
3
How many letter codes are there altogether?
64
How many different amino acids are there?
20
How many amino acids have more than 1 code?
18
