Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

Describe the DNA in prokaryotes.

Answer 1

Prokaryotes have:
One molecule of DNA
One supercoiled chromosome (to make it compact)
Genes grouped into operons - so multiple genes are switched on and off at the same time

Question 2

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes?

Answer 2

Prokaryotic - shorter 70S

Eukaryotic - longer 80S

Question 3

What is the prokaryotic cell wall make out of?

Answer 3

Peptidoglycan

Question 4

What’s the difference between prokaryotic flagella and eukaryotic flagella?

Answer 4

In prokaryotes, the flagella is thinner and doesn’t have the 9+2 arrangement

Question 5

What’s the difference between how energy is provided to rotate the prokaryotic flagellum and the eukaryotic flagellum?

Answer 5

Prokaryotic = energy to rotate filament that forms the flagellum is provided from chemiosmosis
Eukaryotic = energy to rotate filament that forms the flagellum is provided from ATP

Question 6

Compare the nucleus between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Answer 6

Pro = Not present
Euk = Present

Question 7

Compare the DNA between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Answer 7

Pro = Circular
Euk = Linear

Question 8

Compare the DNA organisation between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Answer 8

Pro = Proteins fold and condense DNA
Euk = Associate with histones

Question 9

Compare the extra chromosomal DNA between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Answer 9

Pro = Circular DNA called plasmids
Euk = Only present in organelles e.g. chloroplasts and mitochondria

Question 10

Compare the organelles between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Answer 10

Pro = Membrane bound
Euk = membrane + non-membrane bound

Question 11

Compare the cell wall between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Answer 11

Pro =