Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

What is the difference between the DNA in the two cells?

Answer 1

Prokaryote:
Naked and circular DNA
Eukaryote:
Is a linear DNA with histones

Question 2

What is the difference between the organelles in the two cells?

Answer 2

Prokaryote:
It has a Nucleoid, 70s ribosomes, and no compartments
Eukaryote:
It has a nucleus, 80s ribosomes, and compartments

Question 3

What is the difference between the reproduction in the two cells?

Answer 3

Prokaryotes:
Reproduce asexually (binary fission)
Eukaryotes:
Reproduce both asexually and sexually

Question 4

What is the difference between the average size of the two cells?

Answer 4

Prokaryote:
Less than 10 micrometers and is unicellular
Eukaryote:
About 100 micrometers, and is multicellular (sometimes)

Question 5

What is the nutrition like for Animals, Plants, and Fungi?

Answer 5

Animals (Heterotroph, Ingestion)
Plants (Autotroph, photosynthesis)
Fungi (Heterotroph, absorption)

Question 6

What is the cell wall like in Animals, Plants, and Fungi?

Answer 6

Animals (None)
Plants (Cellulose)
Fungi (Chitin)

Question 7

What is the motility like in Animals, Plants, and Fungi?

Answer 7

Animals (Motile, cilia and fragella) Plants (Non-motile, no cilia and fragella)
Fungi (Non-motile, no cilia and fragella)

Question 7

What are the vacuoles like in Animals, Plants, and Fungi?

Answer 7

Animals (Small, Temporary)
Plants (Large and central, Permanent) Fungi (Large and central, Permanent)

Question 8

What are the unique organelles in Animals, Plants, and Fungi?

Answer 8

Animals (Centrioles, Lysosome)
Plants (Chloroplast)
Fungi (None)

Question 9

What is the basic structure of all cells?

Answer 9

Ribosomes - site of protein synthesis
Plasma membrane - semi-permeable barrier around the cell
Cytosol - medium for metabolism

Question 10

What are the structures and functions of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 10

Nucleus - stores genetic material
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - where ribosomes synthesize proteins
Mitochondrion - site for cellular respiration
Golgi Apparatus - stores and exports proteins

Question 11

What are the structures and functions of plant cells?

Answer 11

Chloroplast - site for photosynthesis
Vacuole - keeps the plant cell turgid
Cell wall - provides support and strength

Question 12

What are the structures and functions of prokaryotic cells?

Answer 12

Nucleoid - where the DNA is located
Plasmid - A separate DNA molecule from the cell’s chromosomal DNA
Flagella - enables movement
Pili - Helps adhere to host cells