Cell Specialisation (Pt. 1)

Question 1

What organelles are present in all cells?

Answer 1

Plasma Membrane and Ribosomes

Question 2

What is an organelle?

Answer 2

A discrete subunit of a call that are adapted to perform specific functions

Question 3

What are not considered an organelle?

Answer 3

1. Cell Wall
2. Cytoskeleton
3. Cytosol

Question 4

What is a nucleus?

Answer 4

It is an organelle with a double membrane that stores the genetic material

Question 5

What is the advantage of a nucleus?

Answer 5

It allows the eukaryotes to separate the process of transcription and translation

Question 6

What is the advantage of separating the transcription and translation processes?

Answer 6

• It boosts efficiency and has tighter control of the gene expressions.
• It stabilizes the mRNA via capping and polyadenylation and removes the non-coding sequences via slicing

Question 7

What are the advantages of compartmentalization?

Answer 7

1. Concentration of metabolites and enzymes - Higher concentration optimizes biochemical process
2. Isolating processes - Prevents unwanted reactions
3. Maintaining Internal Environments - Maintains distinct internal conditions
4. Protection from harmful enzymes - Lysosome and Phagocytic vacuoles contain specific compartments

Question 8

What is the evidence of compartmentalization in Lysosomes and Phagocytic vacuoles

Answer 8

Both have hydrolytic enzymes that break down harm.
Lysosome - Degrades cellular waste, damaged organelle, and foreign materials
Phagocytic vacuole - Engulf and digest large particles by neutralizing harm