Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards
Module 1
What are cells?
The basic units of life, of which all living things are made.
Name the basic components of cells.
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, genes, ribosomes, and proteins.
What is the role of the cell membrane?
Acts as a barrier, regulates all substances entering and exiting the cell.
What is the role of the cytoplasm?
A watery, jelly-like fluid filling the space within a cell. It contains dissolved chemical substances including salts, sugars, enzymes, amino acids, and wastes.
What is DNA?
The main form of genetic material in a cell.
What are genes?
Strands of DNA containing the information required by ribosomes for producing proteins.
What is the role of ribosomes?
Using the information from genes to produce proteins.
What are proteins?
Substances produced by ribosomes.
What are prokaryotic organisms?
Unicellular organisms that lack membrane-bound organelles. They include bacteria and archaea.
Where is DNA stored in prokaryotic cells?
The cytoplasm.
How big are prokaryotic cells?
0.1-5.0 micrometres.
Name four other features found in prokaryotic cells.
Cell wall, pili, capsule, flagellum.
What are eukaryotic organisms?
Plants, animals, or fungi. They can be unicellular or multicellular, and contain membrane-bound organelles.
How big are eukaryotic cells?
10-100 micrometres.
What is the role of mitochondria?
Produce the cell’s energy through cellular respiration.
