Enzymes

Question 1

What is activation energy?

Answer 1

The energy requires for a reaction to take place.

Question 2

How do enzymes affect activation energy?

Answer 2

They reduce the amount of activation energy required in a reaction.

Question 3

What is an extracellular enzyme?

Answer 3

An enzyme that functions within the digestive system and assists in digestive processes.

Question 4

What is an intracellular enzyme?

Answer 4

An enzyme that functions inside cells and assists in metabolic processes.

Question 5

Why are enzymes involved in respiration important for an organism?

Answer 5

Because without them the organism would not respire at the rate required for survival.

Question 6

What is the “lock and key” model?

Answer 6

It describes the nature of enzyme active sites: all enzymes have different shaped active sits that will only match up with their specific substrates - similar to a lock and key.

Question 7

What is an anabolic reaction?

Answer 7

When multiple substrates form a singular product.

Question 8

What is a catabolic reaction?

Answer 8

When a singular substrate gets broken up into multiple products.

Question 9

Where is the place that enzymes and substrates join?

Answer 9

The active site.

Question 10

What is the name used to refer to an enzyme and substrate joined together?

Answer 10

An enzyme-substrate complex.

Question 11

Provide three examples of reactions that require the help of enzymes.

Answer 11

Respiration, cell replication, photosynthesis.

Question 12

What is an enzyme?

Answer 12

A biological catalyst.

Question 13

Where are enzymes made?

Answer 13

In ribosomes.

Question 14

What is point of saturation?

Answer 14

When, at a given time, all enzyme active sites are occupied by substrates.

Question 15

What is a competitive inhibitor?

Answer 15

Something that binds to the active site of an enzyme, directly blocking the substrate binding with it.

Question 16

What is a non-competitive inhibitor?

Answer 16

Something that binds to the enzyme, not at the active site, resulting in a shape change at the active site.

Question 17

What are cofactors?

Answer 17

Inorganic substances that bind to enzymes, helping stabilise or directly assist with a reaction.

Question 18

What are coenzymes?

Answer 18

Organic substances that bind to the active site alongside the substrate. They assist in catalysing the reaction.

Question 19

Describe the relationship between substrate concerntration and rate of reaction.

Answer 19

As the substrate concerntration increases, so does the rate of reaction, until point of saturation is reached where all active site are occupied by substrates. At this point, the reaction rate neither increases nor decreases.

Question 20

Describe the relationship between enzyme concerntration and rate of reaction.

Answer 20

Directly proportional. As enzyme concerntration increases, so does the rate of reaction.

Question 21

What is the “induced fit” model?

Answer 21

The active site is not a rigid structure, meaning the enzyme can slightly change shape in order to bind with the substrate. When the products are released, the enzyme reverts back to its original form.

Question 22

In a biological reaction, what name is given to the reactants?

Answer 22

Substrates.