Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Flashcards
What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes have no membrane bound nucleus and they are smaller
Eukaryotes have a membrane bound nucleus and are larger
What do all bacteria possess?
A cell wall made out of murein
What is murein?
A polymer made of polysaccharides and peptides.
What are the ribosomes like in a prokaryotic cell?
They are 70S and smaller than a eukaryotic ribosome
How do bacteria store food?
As glycogen and oil droplets
What is the genetic material of a bacteria like?
It is in a circular loop of DNA which is suspended in the cytoplasm and has no membrane and is not bound to any proteins.
What are plasmids for?
They are used for asexual reproduction and can give bacteria resistance to harmful chemicals.
What are plasmids used for by humans?
Plasmids are used as carriers of genetic information in genetic engineering.
What is a capsule for?
It protects bacteria from other cells by masking its antigens and keeps the cell from drying out.
What are the two groups of prokaryotes?
Bacteria and archaea
What are flagella and how are they used?
Long tubes extending from the cell wall which rotate powered by protein motors for locomotion
What are pili?
Structures used during the transfer of genetic material.
What are differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Eukaryotes are 10-100um in diameter
DNA is distinct in a membrane bound nucleus
DNA is linear and associated with proteins called histones
80S ribosomes
Prokaryotes are 0.1-10um in diameter
DNA is suspended in cytoplasm
70S ribosomes
DNA is circular and not associated with proteins
What are viruses?
Acellular non living particles
What is the nuclei acid in a virus?
DNA
What is the nuclei acid in a retrovirus?
RNA
What is the capsid made of?
Protein
What is the function of the lipid membrane (if present) or the capsid in a virus?
The lipid membrane has attachment proteins which help it attach to the host cell
