Mitosis Flashcards
What does mitosis produce?
Two daughter cells that have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Why do cells divide?
For growth
Cell replacement
Development
What are the two major parts of the cell cycle?
Interphase and the mitotic phase.
What happens during interphase?
The DNA replicates itself so there are two copies of each strand of DNA
Centrosomes duplicate
What happens during prophase?
The chromosomes become visible and become short and thick.
The centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell
The nuclear envelope disintegrates
Spindle fibers start to form.
What happens during metaphase?
The chromosomes are seen as two sister chromatids joined by a centromere.
The spindle joins to the centromeres and motor proteins move the chromosomes to the equator of the cell.
What happens during anaphase?
The motor proteins start pulling the individual chromatids apart to opposite poles of the cell.
What happens to cells that are treated with chemicals in anaphase?
The spindle gets destroyed and the chromosomes remain at the equator and are unable to reach the poles.
What happens during telophase?
The chromosomes start uncoiling and a nuclear membrane starts forming
The spindle fibers disintegrate.
What is cytokinesis?
The membranes constrict so that the cytoplasm divides to form two identical cells.
What is cell division called in prokaryotes?
Binary fission
How do cells divide in prokaryotes?
The DNA molecule replicates
The plasmids replicate
The cell gets bigger and DNA loops move to opposite poles
Cytoplasm divides and new cell walls form
Two daughter cells are produced and each has a copy of the circular DNA
What is cancer caused by?
Uncontrolled cell division due to oncogenes mutating.
What is a tumor?
A group of abnormal cells expanding in size.
