PROKARYOTES, EUKARYOTES AND ARCHAEBACTERIA

Question 1

• “Pro” meaning before and “karyon” meaning
  nucleus, nut or kernel.
• These are organisms that do not contain a true
  nucleus surrounded by nuclear membrane,
  characteristic of lower forms such as bacteria
• They do not contain organelles and all functions
  take place in the cytoplasm or cytoplasm or
  cytoplasmic membrane

Answer 1

PROKARYOTES

Question 2

• Outermost structure
• Composed of outer membrane and periplasm
  (gram negative only), cell wall and plasma
  Membrane

Answer 2

CELL ENVELOPE

Question 3

• Also referred to as peptidoglycan or murein
  layer
• It is composed of disaccharide-pentapeptide
  subunits; also made up of ________ or
  ______________.
• Is a rigid structure that maintains the shape of
  the cell

Answer 3

CELL WALL

Question 4

• to prevent bacterial cells from rupturing
  when the osmotic pressure inside the cell
  is greater than outside the cell
• It also serves as a point of anchorage for
  flagella
• Its synthesis and structure have been the
  primary target of antimicrobial agents

Answer 4

MAJOR FUNCTION OF CELL WALL

Question 5

• Composed of a very thick protective
  peptidoglycan (murein) layer
  -Consist of glycan chains of alternating N-acetylD-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-muramic acid

Answer 5

GRAM POSITIVE CELL WALL

Question 6

negatively charged and
contributes to the negativity of the cell wall; it
may also bind and regulate the movement of
cations into and out of the cell

Answer 6

Teichoic acid

Question 7

acts by preventing the synthesis
of peptidoglycan.

Answer 7

Penicillin