Prokaryotes and Viruses Flashcards
What are in all prokaryotes
DNA molecule loose in cytoplasm
Peptidoglycan wall
70S ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes - organelles
Prokaryotes have no organelles
Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles
What are only in some prokaryotes
Slime coat
Flagella - one, some or many
Photosynthetic lamellae holding photosynthetic pigments
Mesomome - site of aerobic respiration
Plasmids
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes - length
Prokaryotes are 1-10 um
Eukaryotes are 10-100 um
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes - DNA
Prokaryotes have DNA free in cytoplasm
Eukaryotes have DNA combined with protein in chromosomes
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes - Nuclear envelope
Prokaryotes have no nuclear envelope
Eukaryotes have a double membrane around the nucleus
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes - cell wall
Prokaryotes have a peptidoglycan cell wall
Eukaryotes have cellulose cell walls in plants and chitin cell walls in fungi
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes - chloroplasts
Prokaryotes have none but may use photosynthetic lamellae to photosynthesise
Eukaryotes have chloroplasts present in plants and some protoctista
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes - mitochondria
Prokaryotes do not have mitochondria but may use mesosome for respiration
Eukaryotes have a mitochondria
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes - ribosomes
Prokaryotes have 70s ribosomes
Eukaryotes have 80S ribosomes free In cytoplasm or attached to ER
What are the features of a virus which means that it is not a living organism?
It has:
No organelles
No cytoplasm
No chromosomes
Basic structure - nuclei acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat
Does not do MRS C GREN (Reproduces inside other living cell)
Why are the cell membranes of viruses unable to change shape?
Because they have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan
What does the cell theory state?
That new cells are formed from other existing cells
The cell is the fundamental unit of structure, function and organisation in all living organisms
