Prokaryotes and eukaryotes Flashcards

1
Q

What do large bacteria do to combat SA: volume diffusion?

A

Invaginated cell membranes increase SA, large intracellular deposits reduce volume, swim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mesophilic

A

15 - 60 degrees, e.g. geothermal hotsprings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Thermophilic

A

60 - 80 degrees e.g. Yellowstone national park

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hypothermophilic

A

> 80 degrees - colours due to photosynthetic pigments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

DNA thermostability

A

unstable about 90 degrees - hypothermophiles have a higher G and C content and histone-like proteins. Higher salt concs also help

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Halophiles

A

Tolerance to sale e.g. dead sea - intracellular K+ and glycine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Psychrophiles

A

Grow at 0 degrees, some metabolically active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Acidophilus and alklophiles

A

e.g. ferroplasma pH 0 and spirulina pH 10.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Deinococcus radiodurans

A

can withstand radiation 3000 higher than would debilitate humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Morphological classification

A

Colonies, ultrastructural, staining, cilia, flagella, motility mechanisms, endospores, spores, cellular indusions, colour, cell shape and size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Physiological and metabolic classification

A

C + N sources, cell was cons, energy sources, luminescence, O relationships, pH, osmotic potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ecological classification

A

Life cycle patterns, symbiotic relationships, disease, habitat preferences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Genetic analysis classification

A

Transformation, conjugation, plasmids, phage-typing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Molecular classification

A

Based on 16S RNA genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Molecular phylogenetics

A

Nucleotide position = character –> genetic drift and comparisons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Genomics

A

Complete complement of an organism

17
Q

Metagenomics

A

Nucleic acid of entire microbial communities studies simultaneously –> microbial diversity

18
Q

Bacteria

A

23 phyla, cell walls peptidoglycan - mesh-like structure. Gram staining sorts into different groups

19
Q

Cyanobacteria

A

Oxygenic photosynthesis - incurs CO2

20
Q

Proteobacteria

A

V couples, over 2000 species - 5 classes

21
Q

Firmicules

A

Low G + C gram +ves -> 3 classes

22
Q

Actinobacteria

A

High G+C gram +ves e.g. mycobacteria, mycelia acids in cell walls, streptomycin soil - antobiotics

23
Q

Spirochetes

A

Helically shapes, motile, gram -ve, human pathogen

24
Q

Archea

A

5 phyla, gram +ve/-ve, spherical rod shaped, spiral, lobed, cuboidal, triangular etc.
Cell structure + metabolic systems like bacteria
DNA replication, transcription and translation like eukaryotes

25
Q

Viruses

A

Simple, cellular entities. Produce only within living cells –> obligate intracellular parasites, nucleocapsid (nucleic acid genome) and protein capsid

26
Q

Protists

A

Eukaryotes, not plants, animals or fungi or a formal taxa. Not pylogentically related, but paraphyletic (common ancestor, but not all I’m group). Some motile, most unicellular

27
Q

Endosymbiosis

A

Of chloroplasts and mitochondria (gene transfer) - prokaryote –> eukaryote = flexible cell surface , larger interloping increase SA

28
Q

PSeudopods

A

Network of cytoskeletal microfilaments that squeezes cytoplasm forward

29
Q

Chromalveolate: dinoflagellates

A

Marine, primary producers, golden brown, some photosynthetic, endosymbionts, some non-photo parasites, 2 flagella

30
Q

Plantae: red algae

A

Marine, multicellular and attach substratum, holdfast red = pigment which varies in amounts, some secrete CaCO3

31
Q

Excavates

A

euglenoids - unicellular and flagella (crystalline rods), mitochondria disc-shaped cristae

32
Q

Rhizaria: fradiolarians

A

Process thin, stiff pseudopods, reinforced by micro tubules, increasing SA for exchange and help float. All marine, secrete glassy endoskeletons, elaborate designed with radial symmetry

33
Q

Unikonts: slime moulds

A

Plasmodial/cellular, all motile, endocytosis, form spores on fruiting bodies, cool and moist habitats, forest unfavourable conditions. Cells aggregate and release spores