Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Flashcards
slimy outer coating
capsule
tougher middle layer
cell wall
delicate inner skin
cell membrane
inner liquid filling
cytoplasm
one big loop
DNA
for sticking to things
pilli
for swimming
flagella
for building proteins
ribosomes
all alone
unicellular
Forms a film
colony
Forms a chain of cells
filamentous
Energy from sunlight
photosynthetic
feed on living things
Diseases-causing
feed on dead things
decomposers
delicate lipid and protein skin around cytoplasm
cell membrane
a membrane-bound sac evolved to store the cell’s chromosomes(DNA)
has pores: holes
nucleus
inside nucleus
location of ribosome factory
made or RNA
nucleolus
makes the cell’s energy
mitochondrion
the more energy the cell needs, the more _______ it has
mitochondria
build proteins from amino acids in cytoplasm
may be free-floating, or
may be attached to ER
made of RNA
Ribosomes
part of an endoplasmic reticulum that builds lipids and carbohydrates
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
part of an endoplasmic reticulum that stores proteins made by attached ribosomes
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
takes in sacs of raw material from ER
Golgi Complex
sends out sacs containing finished cell products
Golgi Complex
digest worn out cell parts
digest food absorbed by cell
Lysosomes
sacs filled with digestive enzymes
Lysosomes
pair of bundled tubes
organize cell division
Centriole
gives shape to cell & moves organelles around inside.
Cytoskeleton
very strong,
protects cell from rupturing,
glued to other cells next door
Cell Wall
call wall is made of _____
celloluse
huge water-filled sac
keeps cell pressurized
stores starch
Vacuole
turn solar energy into food energy
Cholroplasts
Plant cell don’t have
centriole
cells work together as
tissues
tissues can work together as
organs
Advantages of each kind of cell architecture: Prokaryotes
Simple and easy to grow, Fast reproduction, all the same
Advantages of each kind of cell architecture: Eukaryotes
can specialize, multicellularity, can build large bodies
specialized to detoxify blood and store glucose as glycogen.
Liver cells
specialized to deliver DNA to egg cell
Sperm cells
specialized to capture as much light as possible
inside a leaf
Mesophyll cell
Some cells crawl with ____
Pseudopods
Some cells swim with a _____
Flagellum
Some cells can swim very fast with _______
Cilia
means “fake feet”
extensions of cell membrane
Pseodopods
give an example of pseodopods
Amoeba
large whip-like tail
pushes or pulls cell through water
can be single, or a pair
Flagellum/flagella
fine, hair-like extensions
attached to cell membrane
beat in unison
cilia
in 1981, ________ popularized the “endosymbiont theory
Lynn Margulis
a prokaryote ancestor “eats” a smaller prokaryote
the smaller prokaryote evolves a way to avoid being digested, and lives inside its new “host” cell kind of like a pet.
Endosymbiont Theory
“Endo” means
inside
“Symbiont”
Friend
______are tiny green cells that live inside some amoeba
Chlorella
the small prokaryotes that can do ________ evolve into chloroplasts, and “pay” their host with glucose.
photosynthesis
The smaller prokaryotes that can do _________ evolve into mitochondria, and convert the glucose into energy the cell can use
aerobic respiration
