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Biology > Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes > Flashcards

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

slimy outer coating

A

capsule

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2
Q

tougher middle layer

A

cell wall

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3
Q

delicate inner skin

A

cell membrane

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4
Q

inner liquid filling

A

cytoplasm

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5
Q

one big loop

A

DNA

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6
Q

for sticking to things

A

pilli

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7
Q

for swimming

A

flagella

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8
Q

for building proteins

A

ribosomes

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9
Q

all alone

A

unicellular

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10
Q

Forms a film

A

colony

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11
Q

Forms a chain of cells

A

filamentous

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12
Q

Energy from sunlight

A

photosynthetic

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13
Q

feed on living things

A

Diseases-causing

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14
Q

feed on dead things

A

decomposers

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15
Q

delicate lipid and protein skin around cytoplasm

A

cell membrane

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16
Q

a membrane-bound sac evolved to store the cell’s chromosomes(DNA)
has pores: holes

A

nucleus

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17
Q

inside nucleus
location of ribosome factory
made or RNA

A

nucleolus

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18
Q

makes the cell’s energy

A

mitochondrion

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19
Q

the more energy the cell needs, the more _______ it has

A

mitochondria

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20
Q

build proteins from amino acids in cytoplasm
may be free-floating, or
may be attached to ER
made of RNA

A

Ribosomes

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21
Q

part of an endoplasmic reticulum that builds lipids and carbohydrates

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

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22
Q

part of an endoplasmic reticulum that stores proteins made by attached ribosomes

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

23
Q

takes in sacs of raw material from ER

A

Golgi Complex

24
Q

sends out sacs containing finished cell products

A

Golgi Complex

25
Q

digest worn out cell parts
digest food absorbed by cell

A

Lysosomes

26
Q

sacs filled with digestive enzymes

A

Lysosomes

27
Q

pair of bundled tubes
organize cell division

A

Centriole

28
Q

gives shape to cell & moves organelles around inside.

A

Cytoskeleton

29
Q

very strong,
protects cell from rupturing,
glued to other cells next door

A

Cell Wall

30
Q

call wall is made of _____

A

celloluse

31
Q

huge water-filled sac
keeps cell pressurized
stores starch

A

Vacuole

32
Q

turn solar energy into food energy

A

Cholroplasts

33
Q

Plant cell don’t have

A

centriole

34
Q

cells work together as

A

tissues

35
Q

tissues can work together as

A

organs

36
Q

Advantages of each kind of cell architecture: Prokaryotes

A

Simple and easy to grow, Fast reproduction, all the same

37
Q

Advantages of each kind of cell architecture: Eukaryotes

A

can specialize, multicellularity, can build large bodies

38
Q

specialized to detoxify blood and store glucose as glycogen.

A

Liver cells

39
Q

specialized to deliver DNA to egg cell

A

Sperm cells

40
Q

specialized to capture as much light as possible
inside a leaf

A

Mesophyll cell

41
Q

Some cells crawl with ____

A

Pseudopods

42
Q

Some cells swim with a _____

A

Flagellum

43
Q

Some cells can swim very fast with _______

A

Cilia

44
Q

means “fake feet”
extensions of cell membrane

A

Pseodopods

45
Q

give an example of pseodopods

A

Amoeba

46
Q

large whip-like tail
pushes or pulls cell through water
can be single, or a pair

A

Flagellum/flagella

47
Q

fine, hair-like extensions
attached to cell membrane
beat in unison

A

cilia

48
Q

in 1981, ________ popularized the “endosymbiont theory

A

Lynn Margulis

49
Q

a prokaryote ancestor “eats” a smaller prokaryote
the smaller prokaryote evolves a way to avoid being digested, and lives inside its new “host” cell kind of like a pet.

A

Endosymbiont Theory

50
Q

“Endo” means

A

inside

51
Q

“Symbiont”

A

Friend

52
Q

______are tiny green cells that live inside some amoeba

A

Chlorella

53
Q

the small prokaryotes that can do ________ evolve into chloroplasts, and “pay” their host with glucose.

A

photosynthesis

54
Q

The smaller prokaryotes that can do _________ evolve into mitochondria, and convert the glucose into energy the cell can use

A

aerobic respiration

Biology (5 decks)

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