Mitosis and Meiosis Flashcards
produces daughter cells identical to the parent.
Mitotic cell division
-cell grows in size
-organelles replicated
Gap 1
– replication of DNA
– synthesis of proteins
-associated with DNA
Synthesis
-synthesis of proteins
-associated with mitosis
Gap 2
Division of somatic cells (non-reproductive cells) in eukaryotic organisms.
Mitosis
When the cell is not dividing…
DNA molecules are in extended, uncondensed form =
chromatin
chromosomes align along the equator of the cell, with one chromatid facing each pole
Metaphase
spindle fibers attached to kinetochores shorten and pull chromatids towards the poles.
Anaphase
sister chromatids separate
Anaphase
free spindle fibers lengthen and push the poles of the cell apart
Anaphase
undergoes cytokinesis by forming a cell plate between the two daughter nuclei.
Plant cells
undergoes cytokinesis through the formation of a cleavage furrow. A ring of microtubules contract, pinching the cell in half.
Animal cells
Sexually reproducing eukaryotes have two types of body cells
Somatic cells and sex cells{gametes or germline}
What is cell division of gametes called?
meiosis
Daughter cells have half the # of chromosomes as parent cell, so they are considered
haploid
Refers to the number of sets of chromosomes in cells.
Ploidy
– one copy of each chromosome
– designated as “n”, the number of chromosomes in one “set”
– gametes
Haploid
– two sets of chromosomes (two of
each chromosome)
– designated as “2n”
– somatic cells
Diploid
maternal chromosomes
female parent
Paternal chromosome
male parent
Chromosomes exist in
_______ pairs in diploid (2n) cells.
homologous
Fusion of two gametes to produce a single
zygote.
Homologues break at identical locations, then rejoin opposite partners.
Crossing over
This creates new combinations of the alleles on each chromosome.
Crossing over