prokaryotes and eukaryotes Flashcards
are the basic structures of all living organisms
cells
come from the Greek term pro meaning “before” and karyon meaning “kernel” referring to the nucleus
prokaryotes
have no nucleus and their genetic material (DNA) is concentrated in a region called the nucleoid which does not have a membrane separating it from the rest of the cell
prokaryotes
cell wall, cell membrane, ribosomes, and a nucleoid
major parts of a prokaryotic cell
two domains of organisms comprise prokaryotes:
bacteria and archaea
make up most of the prokaryotes, have a more permeable cell wall that provides less protection from high temperatures or extreme pH, but takes less energy to build
bacteria
are found in extreme environments such as hot springs or near volcanoes and have a thicker cell wall that is very strong and protects them from the heat and chemicals found in harsh environments
archaea
shape of prokaryotes
cocci - spherical (round)
bacillus - rod-shaped
spirilla - helical (spiral)
sphere-shaped bacteria
staphylococci (staphylococcus aureus)
streptococci (staphylococcus pyogenes)
diplococci (Neisseria gonorrhea)
rod-shaped bacteria
bacilli (mycobacterium tuberculosis)
streptobacilli (bacillus anthracis)
coccobacilli (yersinia pestis)
spiral-shaped bacteria
vibrio (vibrio cholerae)
spirilla (helicobacter pylori)
spirochaetes (treponema pallidum)
combination of two Greek terms eu meaning “true” and karyon meaning “nucleus”
eukaryotes
cell membrane, cell wall, ribosomes, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosomes
major organelles found in a eukaryotic cell
can be both unicellular and multicellular
eukaryotes
four kingdoms of eukaryotic organisms:
kingdom Plantae
kingdom Animalia
kingdom fungi
kingdom Protista
