Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Question 1

What are the three domains of life?

Answer 1

Bacteria - prokaryotes

Archaea - prokaryotes

Eucarya - eukaryotes

Question 2

What are the four different types of eukaryotes?

Answer 2

Animals

Plants

Fungi

Protists

Question 3

What is the fundamental unit of life?

Answer 3

A cell

Question 4

What is a cell?

Answer 4

The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism

Question 5

What is a unicellular organism?

Answer 5

An organism comprised of one cell

Question 6

What is a multicellular organism?

Answer 6

An organism comprised of two or more cells

Question 7

Who is responsible for first discovering cells?

Answer 7

Robert Hooke

Question 8

What is cell theory?

3

Answer 8

All organisms are composed of one or more cells

The cell is the basic unit of structure and organisation in organisms

All cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 9

What are the two different classification of cells?

Answer 9

Prokaryotic cells

Eukaryotic cells

Question 10

What is the main difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 10

Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus

Question 11

What type of organisms are classified as prokaryotes?

Answer 11

Bacteria

Question 12

Describe a prokaryotic cell.

Answer 12

A cell that usually consists of a single compartment, the cytoplasm, enclosed by the plasma membrane

Question 13

Describe the eukaryotic cell.

Answer 13

A cell that is subdivided by internal membranes which create enclosed compartments (organelles) in which enzymes can operate without interference from reactions occurring in other compartments

Question 14

What four types of organisms are made of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 14

Fungi

Plants

Animals

Protists

Question 15

What four things are found in all cells?

Answer 15

Plasma membrane

Cytoplasm

Chromosomes

Ribosomes

Question 16

What does the plasma membrane do?

Answer 16

It regulates traffic

Question 17

What does the cytoplasm do?

Answer 17

It suspends cellular components

Question 18

What is the role of chromosomes in the cell?

Answer 18

They contain genes

Question 19

What do ribosomes do?

Answer 19

They build proteins

Question 20

What group of organisms was the first life on Earth?

Answer 20

Prokaryotes

Question 21

Describe the prokaryotic cell.

6

Answer 21

Small cells

They have a cytoplasm

Cell membrane surrounds cytoplasm

Most have a cell wall

A single circular chromosome in the nucleoid region

No membrane-bound organelles

Question 22

What are the three main different shapes of bacteria?

Answer 22

Cocci

Bacilli

Spirilla

Question 23

What is a clump of bacteria called?

Answer 23

Aggregates

Question 24

How do prokaryotes divide?

Answer 24

Binary fission

Question 25

Describe binary fission.

Answer 25

Form of asexual reproduction Two copies of the DNA molecule are partitioned to either side of the cell Septum forms to divide the two new cells

Question 26

Define asexual reproduction.

Answer 26

Offspring arise from a single parent and inherit the genes of that parent

Question 27

How do bacteria reproduce sexually? | 2

Answer 27

Bacteria exchange genetic information through a pilus before dividing Offspring have new genes and new traits

Question 28

Describe a eukaryotic cell. | 5

Answer 28

Larger than prokaryotic cells Cytoplasm enclosed by a cell membrane Linear chromosomes present in the nucleus to carry genetic material Contains membrane-bound organelles Plant cells have cell walls - animals have cell membranes

Question 29

What do chromosomes contain?

Answer 29

DNA/genetic material of the organism

Question 30

Where are chromosomes found in eukaryotes?

Answer 30

They are found in the nucleus which is bound by a double membrane

Question 31

How are chromosomes found in prokaryotes? | 2

Answer 31

The chromosome is a double stranded circular structure which is not enclosed by a membrane Found in the nucleoid region

Question 32

What are the two types of eukaryotic cell division?

Answer 32

Somatic cell division Reproductive cell division

Question 33

How does somatic cell division occur?

Answer 33

It occurs by mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 34

How does reproductive cell division occur?

Answer 34

It occurs by meiosis