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1. Cell Biology > Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes > Flashcards

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three domains of life?

A

Bacteria - prokaryotes

Archaea - prokaryotes

Eucarya - eukaryotes

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2
Q

What are the four different types of eukaryotes?

A

Animals

Plants

Fungi

Protists

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3
Q

What is the fundamental unit of life?

A

A cell

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4
Q

What is a cell?

A

The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism

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5
Q

What is a unicellular organism?

A

An organism comprised of one cell

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6
Q

What is a multicellular organism?

A

An organism comprised of two or more cells

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7
Q

Who is responsible for first discovering cells?

A

Robert Hooke

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8
Q

What is cell theory?

3

A

All organisms are composed of one or more cells

The cell is the basic unit of structure and organisation in organisms

All cells come from pre-existing cells

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9
Q

What are the two different classification of cells?

A

Prokaryotic cells

Eukaryotic cells

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10
Q

What is the main difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

A

Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus

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11
Q

What type of organisms are classified as prokaryotes?

A

Bacteria

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12
Q

Describe a prokaryotic cell.

A

A cell that usually consists of a single compartment, the cytoplasm, enclosed by the plasma membrane

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13
Q

Describe the eukaryotic cell.

A

A cell that is subdivided by internal membranes which create enclosed compartments (organelles) in which enzymes can operate without interference from reactions occurring in other compartments

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14
Q

What four types of organisms are made of eukaryotic cells?

A

Fungi

Plants

Animals

Protists

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15
Q

What four things are found in all cells?

A

Plasma membrane

Cytoplasm

Chromosomes

Ribosomes

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16
Q

What does the plasma membrane do?

A

It regulates traffic

17
Q

What does the cytoplasm do?

A

It suspends cellular components

18
Q

What is the role of chromosomes in the cell?

A

They contain genes

19
Q

What do ribosomes do?

A

They build proteins

20
Q

What group of organisms was the first life on Earth?

A

Prokaryotes

21
Q

Describe the prokaryotic cell.

6

A

Small cells

They have a cytoplasm

Cell membrane surrounds cytoplasm

Most have a cell wall

A single circular chromosome in the nucleoid region

No membrane-bound organelles

22
Q

What are the three main different shapes of bacteria?

A

Cocci

Bacilli

Spirilla

23
Q

What is a clump of bacteria called?

A

Aggregates

24
Q

How do prokaryotes divide?

A

Binary fission

25
Q

Describe binary fission.

A

Form of asexual reproduction

Two copies of the DNA molecule are partitioned to either side of the cell

Septum forms to divide the two new cells

26
Q

Define asexual reproduction.

A

Offspring arise from a single parent and inherit the genes of that parent

27
Q

How do bacteria reproduce sexually?

2

A

Bacteria exchange genetic information through a pilus before dividing

Offspring have new genes and new traits

28
Q

Describe a eukaryotic cell.

5

A

Larger than prokaryotic cells

Cytoplasm enclosed by a cell membrane

Linear chromosomes present in the nucleus to carry genetic material

Contains membrane-bound organelles

Plant cells have cell walls - animals have cell membranes

29
Q

What do chromosomes contain?

A

DNA/genetic material of the organism

30
Q

Where are chromosomes found in eukaryotes?

A

They are found in the nucleus which is bound by a double membrane

31
Q

How are chromosomes found in prokaryotes?

2

A

The chromosome is a double stranded circular structure which is not enclosed by a membrane

Found in the nucleoid region

32
Q

What are the two types of eukaryotic cell division?

A

Somatic cell division

Reproductive cell division

33
Q

How does somatic cell division occur?

A

It occurs by mitosis and cytokinesis

34
Q

How does reproductive cell division occur?

A

It occurs by meiosis

1. Cell Biology (6 decks)

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