Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Flashcards
Give 4 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
.P- No Nucleus E- Has Nucleus
.P- 70s Ribosomes E- 80s Ribosomes
.P- Single circular chromosome E-Multiple linear chromosome
.P- Contains no organelles E- Has organelles
Give 4 similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
.Both have DNA
.Both have Ribosomes
.Both have Cytoplasm
.Both have a Cell Membrane
What are the size of prokaryotic cells
0.1 - 10μm (smaller than eukaryotes)
Where is the DNA found in a prokaryote?
In the nucleoid. They have a single circular DNA molecule that is free in the cytoplasm and has no proteins.
What does the cell wall contain
Murein, a glycoprotein
Structure and function of 70s ribosomes
Structure- Smaller, two subunits, no membrane
Function-Site of protein synthesis
Structure and function of the nucleoid
Structure-Irregularly shaped region holding the nuclear material, no membrane, DNA is ONE CIRCULAR chromosome
Function- Region where DNA is found which carries all the genetic info to make a new cell, controls cellular activity
Structure and function of the cell wall
Structure- Made up of peptidoglycan
Function- Protects and supports the cell, prevents the cell changing shape or bursting by water entering the cell by osmosis.
Structure and function of the capsule
Structure- Polysaccharide layer outside the cell wall
Function- Protects cell from attack by the immune system, prevents desiccation (drying out), helps the cell stick to surfaces
Structure and function of plasmids
Structure- Small loops of DNA, present or absent, one or several
Function- Contains extra genes for e.g. antibiotic resistance, also there for survival of the cell
Define DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid, the hereditary material in cells
What a membrane bound organelles?
Organelles that are surrounded by a phospholipid membrane.
