Plant Cells and Animal Cells

Question 1

Structure and function of plasma membrane

Answer 1

Structure- Made of phospholipid bilayer with proteins

Function- Regulates the transport of materials in and out of the cell, separates cell contents from the outside

Question 2

Structure and function of cytoplasm

Answer 2

Structure-Thick, semi transparent, jelly like substance

Function- Maintains cell shape contains chemicals or metabolic reactions

Question 3

Structure and function of nucleus

Answer 3

Structure- Largest organelle, double membrane-bound, contains chromatin
Function- Controls and regulates cell activity, contains chromatin, DNA and proteins which contain the genetic material the genes responsible for cell division and protein synthesis

Question 4

Structure of Nucleolus

Answer 4

Structure- Dense spherical structure in the nucleus

Function- Makes rRNA to make ribosomes from rRNA and protein

Question 5

Structure and function of Smooth ER

Answer 5

Structure- Network of membrane sacs called cisternae

Function- Synthesis and transport of lipids and carbohydrates in the cell

Question 6

Structure and function of Rough ER

Answer 6

Structure- Network of flattened cisternae with ribosomes

Function- Site of protein synthesis, transport of proteins to the Golgi apparatus

Question 7

Structure and function of the Golgi Apparatus

Answer 7

Structure- Stack of membrane flattened sacs of cisternae

Function- Processes and packages lipids and proteins. Makes lysosomes

Question 8

Structure and function of vesicles

Answer 8

Structure- Small spherical membrane bound sacs with fluid inside
Function- Transport vesicles-moves materials around the cell
Secretory Vesicles- Moves protein to the cell surface membrane to be released

Question 9

Structure and Function of Lysosomes

Answer 9

Structure- Small spherical membrane bound sacs containing hydrolytic enzymes. Has a membrane to separate enzymes from the cell
Function- Contains lysozyme, which is a digestive enzyme used to break down invading cells and old cells and organelles

Question 10

Structure and function of an 80s ribosome

Answer 10

Structure- Attached to the RER or free floating. Made of protein and rRNA, they are two subunits and not membrane bound
Function- Site of protein synthesis, most ATP is made here. Glucose + Oxygen –> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

Question 11

Structure and function of mitochondria

Answer 11

Structure- Double membrane, inner membrane folded into cristae to increase the surface area. Fluid called matrix containing enzymes involved in respiration

Function- Site of aerobic respiration , most ATP (energy) is made here

Question 12

Structure and function of centrioles

Answer 12

Structure- Small tubes of protein fibres

Function- Forms spindles during cell division (mitosis and meiosis)

Question 13

Structure and function of cell wall (PLANTS ONLY)

Answer 13

Structure- Rigid structure that surrounds the plant cells, made of cellulose
Function- Protects and supports the cell and the plant, prevents the cell from changing shape and bursting

Question 14

Structure and function of chloroplasts

(PLANTS ONLY)

Answer 14

Structure- Double membrane, filled with stroma, contains thylakoids (flattened discs containing chlorophyll to trap light energy) Stack of thylakoids- granum plur. grana increases the surface area to trap light energy

Function- Site of photosynthesis, traps light energy to produce carbohydrates from water and CO2
H20+ CO2 –> Glucose +Oxygen

Question 15

Structure and function of cell vacuoles (PLANTS ONLY)

Answer 15

Structure- Membrane-bound sac containing cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts surrounded by a single membrane, the tonoplast.

Function- Helps maintain turgor inside the cell, keeps the cell rigid, isolates unwanted chemicals within the cell

Question 16

Structure and function of cell vacuoles (PLANTS ONLY)

Answer 16

Structure- Membrane-bound sac containing cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts surrounded by a single membrane, the tonoplast.

Function- Helps maintain turgor inside the cell, keeps the cell rigid, isolates unwanted chemicals within the cell

Question 17

Structure and function of tonoplasts (PLANTS ONLY)

Answer 17

Structure- Single partially permeable membrane surround the vacuole
Function- Allows some small molecules to pass in and out of the vacuole

Question 18

Structure and function of amyloplasts (PLANTS ONLY)

Answer 18

Structure- Double membrane sac containing starch granules

Function- Synthesis and storage of starch. Stains black with iodine

Question 19

Structure and function of plasmodesmata (PLANTS ONLY)

Answer 19

Structure- Microscopic channels crossing cell walls

Function- Transport & Communication between plant cells

Question 20

Structure and function of pits (PLANTS ONLY)

Answer 20

Structure- Pores in the cell walls of the xylem

Function- Allows water to enter and leave the xylem

Question 21

Give 5 differences between plant cells

Answer 21

. Has a cell wall, doesn't
. Has a vacuole, doesn't
.Has tonoplasts, doesn't
. Has amyloplasts, doesn't
. P- Carbs stored as starch A- Carbs stored as glycogen