prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Question 1

physical form of prokaryotes

Answer 1

unicellular / filamentous

Question 2

size of prokaryotes

Answer 2

0.5 - 5um average

Question 3

physical form eukaryotes

Answer 3

unicellular / filamentous / multicellular

Question 4

size of eukaryotes

Answer 4

40um (1000 - 10 000x)

Question 5

compare and contrast prokary and eukary :

• nucleus
• where it is found
• type of dna

Answer 5

prokary

• no nucleus
• bacteria , blue green algae
• circular DNA, Naked DNA in cytoplasm, plasmid

eukary

• nucleus present and enclosed by nuclear envelope
• green plants and algae, fungi, slime molds, animals
• linear DNA. these DNA associate with protein and form chromosomes

Question 6

types of ribosomes and no. of organelles in pro and eu

Answer 6

pro

• 70s, 18nm diameter
• few non-membrane bound organelles (no GA, Lysosomes , ER)

eu
- many organelles, including membrane bound

Question 7

cell wall of prokary

Answer 7

• rigid
  -peptidoglycan (murein)
  strengthening compund

Question 8

cell wall of eukary

Answer 8

-rigid
-got polysaccharides
cellulose (plant) and chitin (fungi)

Question 9

flagella of prokary

Answer 9

20nm (diameter)

• not enclosed by plasma membrane
• Simple, No microtubules

Question 10

flagella of eukary

Answer 10

• 200nm (diameter)
• surrounded by plasma membrane
• Complex, with microtubules

Question 11

how do prokarys carry out respiration

Answer 11

mesosomes

Question 12

how do eukarys carry out respiration

Answer 12

mitochondria

Question 13

function of pili

Answer 13

attachment to other cells / surfaces.

involved in sexual reproduction

Question 14

what’s a plasmid

Answer 14

small circle of DNA, several may be present

Question 15

what is the endosymbiosis theory

Answer 15

• The endosymbiotic theory states that some of the organelles in eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic microbes

Question 16

describe the structure of a virus

Answer 16

has caspid
has dna and rna
20-300nm

Question 17

why is a virus a parasite

Answer 17

can only reproduce in living cells

viral dna, rna takes over protein synthesizing function of host cells

Question 18

describe and give example of complex virus structure

Answer 18

• enveloped viruses

- HIV, influenza

Question 19

describe and give example of simple virus structure

Answer 19

• non-enveloped virus

- plant viruses , bacteriophage

Question 20

define bacteria

Answer 20

a group of single celled prokaryotic microorganisms

Question 21

how does cell division occur in prokary and eukary

Answer 21

prokary - binary fission

eukary - mitosis /meiosis

Question 22

what is a virus

Answer 22

a very small (20-300nm) infectious particle which can replicate only inside living cells