Prokaryotes 2

Question 1

describe gram (+) bacteria

Answer 1

• take up gram stain (purple)
• thick layer of peptidoglycan
• NO outer layer/membrane
• tend to be less virulent (less sick)

Question 2

describe gram (-) bacteria

Answer 2

• don’t take up gram stain (pink)
• thin layer of peptidoglycan
• outer membrane w/ lipopolysaccharides
• tend to be more virulent (more sick)

Question 3

what are endotoxins?

Answer 3

toxins that are present inside a bacterial cell

Question 4

what are exotoxins?

Answer 4

toxins secreted by both gram (-) and gram (+) bacteria
- NOT part of the cell wall

Question 5

what is chemotaxis?

Answer 5

oriented movement toward or away from a chemical stimulus

Question 6

what are the four modes of nutrition?

Answer 6

1. chemo
2. photo
3. auto
4. hetero

Question 7

what is chemo nutrition?

Answer 7

using organic compounds as their food

Question 8

what is photo nutrition?

Answer 8

organisms that use sunlight as an energy source

Question 9

what is auto nutrition?

Answer 9

organisms that get their food from inorganic sources

Question 10

what is hetero nutrition?

Answer 10

consume organic substances

Question 11

what is a capsule?

Answer 11

an additional layer of the cell wall
- its sticky and they help the bacteria to stick to surfaces

Question 12

what is an endospore?

Answer 12

thick, resistant cells
- produced due to environmental challenges

Question 13

what is bioremedation?

Answer 13

use of organisms for the removal of pollutants from the environment