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BIO 110 > Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids > Flashcards

Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the building blocks of fats?

A

lipids

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2
Q

what reaction occurs in the creation of fats?

A

condensation, 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol molecule join

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3
Q

what are saturated fats?

A
  • SINGLE bonds only
  • very tightly packed
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4
Q

what are unsaturated fats?

A
  • DOUBLE bonds between C-C
  • double bonds cause kinks making the molecule bend
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5
Q

what are dietary fats?

A

triacylglycerol
- fats
- oils
- three fatty acids + 1 glycerol molecule

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6
Q

what are phospholipids?

A

amphipathic molecules (they have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts)
- 2 fatty acids molecules + 1 glycerol joined to a phosphate group

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7
Q

why are lipids important?

A

they provide both storage and protection

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8
Q

what are steroid molecules?

A

four fused ring structure (4 C rings)
- cholesterol
- estrogen
- testosterone

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9
Q

why are steroids classified as lipids?

A

they are classified as lipids because they are hydrophobic and the majority of lipids are hydrophobic

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10
Q

are carbohydrates hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

A

carbohydrates are hydrophilic b/c they are sugars which are soluble in water

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11
Q

are lipids hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

A

lipids are hydrophobic because of their non-polar covalent bonds

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12
Q

what are some examples of monounsaturated fats?

A
  • olive oil
  • canola oil
  • sesame oil
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13
Q

what are trans fats?

A

fats molecules that have double bonds in the trans configuration from the hydrogenation process

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14
Q

what are some examples of trans fats?

A
  • deep fried food
  • shortening
  • donuts
  • cakes
  • cookies
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15
Q

what are some examples of polyunsaturated fats?

A
  • soybean oil
  • corn oil
  • nuts and seeds
  • soybeans
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16
Q

what are some examples of saturated fats?

A
  • fatty beef
  • lamb
  • pork
  • cream
  • butter
  • cheese
  • dairy products
17
Q

what are the monomers of proteins?

A

amino acids

18
Q

what is the general structure of amino acids?

A

H
|
(amino group) - C - (carboxylic acid group)
H-N-H |
R ( variable side chain)

19
Q

what are the different classifications of amino acid groups?

A
  1. non-polar
  2. polar
  3. electrically charged
20
Q

how do non-polar R groups behave in water?

A

hydrophobic

21
Q

how do polar R groups behave in water?

A

hydrophilic

22
Q

what is a polypeptide?

A

a polymer (chain) of amino acids

23
Q

why are polypeptides and proteins NOT the same thing?

A

a polypeptide is a long chain of amino acids, and a protein is multiple polypeptides linked together.

24
Q

what is the relationship between protein structure and protein function?

A

protein structure is directly related to its function - if the order of amino acids is not correct it can cause disease

25
Q

what are the 4 levels of protein structure and explain them?

A
  1. primary - the order of amino acids
  2. secondary - helix that a chain can form due to H-bonding(regions that are coiled)
  3. tertiary- when the secondary structure folds and twists - proteins
  4. quaternary - interactions between multiple proteins
26
Q

what is the monomer that makes us nucleic acids?

A

nucleotides

27
Q

what are the 3 components of nucleotides?

A
  1. sugar
  2. phosphate
  3. nitrogenous base
28
Q

what sugar does RNA use?

A

ribose

29
Q

what sugar does DNA use?

A

deoxyribose

30
Q

what nitrogenous bases do RNA use?

A
  • adenine
  • guanine
  • cytosine
  • uracil
31
Q

what nitrogenous bases does DNA have?

A
  • adenine
  • guanine
  • cytosine
  • thymine
32
Q

what type of reaction occurs when 2 amino acids are linked together?

A

dehydration

33
Q

where are hydrophobic R groups in the protein?

A

inside the protein

34
Q

where are hydrophilic R groups located on the protein?

A

the outisde

35
Q

what holds DNA helix’s together?

A

hydrogen bonds

BIO 110 (6 decks)

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