Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids Flashcards
what are the building blocks of fats?
lipids
what reaction occurs in the creation of fats?
condensation, 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol molecule join
what are saturated fats?
- SINGLE bonds only
- very tightly packed
what are unsaturated fats?
- DOUBLE bonds between C-C
- double bonds cause kinks making the molecule bend
what are dietary fats?
triacylglycerol
- fats
- oils
- three fatty acids + 1 glycerol molecule
what are phospholipids?
amphipathic molecules (they have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts)
- 2 fatty acids molecules + 1 glycerol joined to a phosphate group
why are lipids important?
they provide both storage and protection
what are steroid molecules?
four fused ring structure (4 C rings)
- cholesterol
- estrogen
- testosterone
why are steroids classified as lipids?
they are classified as lipids because they are hydrophobic and the majority of lipids are hydrophobic
are carbohydrates hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
carbohydrates are hydrophilic b/c they are sugars which are soluble in water
are lipids hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
lipids are hydrophobic because of their non-polar covalent bonds
what are some examples of monounsaturated fats?
- olive oil
- canola oil
- sesame oil
what are trans fats?
fats molecules that have double bonds in the trans configuration from the hydrogenation process
what are some examples of trans fats?
- deep fried food
- shortening
- donuts
- cakes
- cookies
what are some examples of polyunsaturated fats?
- soybean oil
- corn oil
- nuts and seeds
- soybeans
what are some examples of saturated fats?
- fatty beef
- lamb
- pork
- cream
- butter
- cheese
- dairy products
what are the monomers of proteins?
amino acids
what is the general structure of amino acids?
H
|
(amino group) - C - (carboxylic acid group)
H-N-H |
R ( variable side chain)
what are the different classifications of amino acid groups?
- non-polar
- polar
- electrically charged
how do non-polar R groups behave in water?
hydrophobic
how do polar R groups behave in water?
hydrophilic
what is a polypeptide?
a polymer (chain) of amino acids
why are polypeptides and proteins NOT the same thing?
a polypeptide is a long chain of amino acids, and a protein is multiple polypeptides linked together.
what is the relationship between protein structure and protein function?
protein structure is directly related to its function - if the order of amino acids is not correct it can cause disease
