prokaryotes

Question 1

what are prokaryotes

Answer 1

unicellular organisms
do not contain membrane-bound organisms
no nucleus
extremophiles

Question 2

what are prokaryotes classified into

Answer 2

two domains [archaea, bacteria]

Question 3

what are the key differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 3

flagella
pili
much smaller
much less developed cytoskeleton with no centrioles
peptidoglycan cell wall
smaller (70s) ribosomes
no nucleus, circular dna
dna not wrapped around histones
protective waxy capsule
plasmids
no membrane-bound organelles

Question 4

how are energy generated in bacteria

Answer 4

ATP via anaerobic respiration
produces much less ATP per glucose molecule compared to aerobic respiration

Question 5

how can bacteria produce ATP

Answer 5

generating a proton gradient across their cell membranes

Question 6

what is the endosymbiont theory

Answer 6

a prokaryote ancestor ‘eats’ a similar prokaryote
smaller prokaryote evolves a way to avoid being digested, lives inside its new host cell
mutualistic and symbiotic relationship
small prokaryotes carry out photosynthesis and pay their host with glucose, evolve into chloroplasts
small prokaryotes cary out aerobic respiration and convert glucose into energy the cell can use, evolve into mitochondria
both the host and symbiont benefit

Question 7

what are the differences between 70s and 80s ribosomes

Answer 7

70s = found in prokaryotic cells, larger 50s and smaller 30s, smaller size, smaller molecular weight, small average molecular weight, smaller complex proteins
80s = found in eukaryotic cell, larger 60s and smaller 40s, larger size, larger molecular weight , larger average , more complex proteins