Project Scope Management

Question 1

8/80 Rule

Answer 1

a planning heuristic for creating the WBS
this rule states that the work package in a WWBS must take no more than 80 hours of labor to create and no fewer than 8 hours of labor to create

Question 2

active observation

Answer 2

the observer interacts with the worker to ask questions and understand each step of the work being completed
in some instances, the observer could serve as an assistant in doing the work

Question 3

affinity diagrams

Answer 3

when stakeholders create a large number of ideas, you can use an affinity diagram to cluster similar ideas together for further analysis

Question 4

alternatives generation

Answer 4

a scope definition process of finding alternative solutions for the project customer while considering the customer’s satisfaction, the cost of the solution, and how the customer may use the product in operations

Question 5

autocratic

Answer 5

a decision method where only one individual makes the decision for the group

Question 6

brainstorming

Answer 6

this approach encourages participants to generate as many ideas as possible about the project requirements. no idea is judged or dismissed during the brainstorming session

Question 7

change control system (CCS)

Answer 7

documented in the scope management plan, this system defines how changes to the project scope are managed and controlled

Question 8

change management plan

Answer 8

this plan defines how changes will be allowed and managed within the project

Question 9

code of accounts

Answer 9

a numbering system for each item in the WBS

Question 10

configuration management plan

Answer 10

this plan defines how changes to the features and functions of the project deliverables will be monitored and controlled within the project

Question 11

context diagram

Answer 11

show the relationship between elements of an environment (illustrates the networks, servers, workstations and people that interact with the elements of the environment)

Question 12

focus groups

Answer 12

a moderator led requirement collection method to elicit requirements from stakeholders

Question 13

functional analysis

Answer 13

the study of the functions within a system, project, or what’s more likely in the project scope statement, the product the project will be creating
functional analysis studies the goals of the product, how the product will be used, and the expectations the customer has of the product once it leaves the project and moves into operations
may also consider the cost of the product in operations, which is known as life-cycle costing

Question 14

funding limit

Answer 14

most projects have a determined budget in relation to the project scope
(qualifier may be plus or minus 10% based on the type of cost estimate created)

Question 15

interviews

Answer 15

a requirements collection method used to elicit requirements from stakeholders in a 1:1 conversation

Question 16

majority

Answer 16

a group decision method where more than 50% of the group must be in agreement

Question 17

mind mapping

Answer 17

this approach maps ideas to show the relationship among requirements and the differences between requirements
the map can be reviewed to identify new solutions or to rank the identified requirements

Question 18

nominal group technique

Answer 18

as with brainstorming, participants are encouraged to generate as many ideas as possible, but the suggested ideas are ranked by a voting process

Question 19

passive observation

Answer 19

records information about the work being completed without interrupting the process; sometimes called the invisible observer

Question 20

plurality

Answer 20

a group decision method where the largest part of the group makes the decision when it’s less than 50% of the total

Question 21

product acceptance criteria

Answer 21

this project scope statement component works with the project requirements, but focuses specifically on the product and what the conditions and processes are for formal acceptance of the product

Question 22

product breakdown

Answer 22

a scope definition technique that breaks down a product into a hierarchical structure, much like a WBS breaks down a project scope

Question 23

product scope description

Answer 23

this is a narrative description of what the project is creating as a deliverable for the project customer

Question 24

product scope

Answer 24

defines the product or service that will come about as a result of completing the project. it defines the features and functions that characterize the product

Question 25

project assumptions

Answer 25

a factor in the planning process that is held to be true but not proven to be true

Question 26

project boundaries

Answer 26

what is included with the project and what’s excluded from the project
this helps to eliminate assumptions between the project management team and the project customer

Question 27

project constraints

Answer 27

anything that limits the PM’s options
consider a predetermined budget, deadline, resources or materials the PM must use within the project - these are all examples of project constraints

Question 28

project objectives

Answer 28

measurable goals that determine a project’s acceptability to the project customer and the overall success of the project
objectives often include the cost, schedule, technical requirements and quality demands

Question 29

project requirements

Answer 29

these are demands set by the customer, regulations, or the performing organization that must exist for the project deliverables to be acceptable

Question 30

project scope

Answer 30

defines all of the work and only the required work, to complete the project objectives

Question 31

project scope management plan

Answer 31

controls how the scope will be defined, how the project scope statement will be created, how the WBS will be created, how scope validation will proceed, and how the project scope will be controlled throughout the project

Question 32

requirements documentation

Answer 32

what the stakeholders expected in the project defines all of the requirements that must be present for the work to be accepted by the stakeholders

Question 33

requirements management plan

Answer 33

defines how changes to the project requirements will be permitted, how requirements will be tracked and how changes to the requirements will be approved

Question 34

requirements traceability matrix (RTM)

Answer 34

a table that maps the requirements throughout the project all the way to their completion

Question 35

schedule milestones

Answer 35

the project customer may have specific dates when phases of the project should be completed
these milestones are often treated as project constraints

Question 36

scope creep

Answer 36

undocumented, unapproved changes to the project scope

Question 37

scope validation

Answer 37

formal inspection of the project deliverables, which leads to project acceptance

Question 38

stakeholder analysis

Answer 38

a scope definition process where the project management team interviews the stakeholders and categorizes, priorities and documents what the project customer wants and needs.
the analysis is to determine, quantify and prioritize the interests of the stakeholders
demands quantification of stakeholder objectives; goals such as good, satisfaction and speed aren’t quantifable

Question 39

systems analysis

Answer 39

a scope definition approach that studies and analyzes a system, its components, and the relationship of the components within the system

Question 40

systems engineering

Answer 40

this project scope statement creation process studies how a system should work, designs and creates a system model, and then enacts the working system based on the project’s goals and the customer’s expectations.
systems engineering aims to balance the time and cost of the project in relation to the scope of the project

Question 41

unanimity

Answer 41

a group decision method where everyone must be in agreement

Question 42

value analysis

Answer 42

as with value engineering, this approach examines the functions of the project’s product in relation to the cost of the features and functions. the grade of the product is in relationship to the cost of the product

Question 43

value engineering

Answer 43

the approach to project scope statement creation attempts to find the correct level of quality in relation to a reasonable budget for the project deliverable while still achieving an acceptable level of performance of the products

Question 44

WBS dictionary

Answer 44

a WBS companion document that defines all of the characteristics of each element within the WBS

Question 45

WBS template

Answer 45

a prepopulated WBS for repetitive project

Question 46

Work breakdown structure (WBS)

Answer 46

a deliverables oriented breakdown of the project scope

Question 47

work package

Answer 47

the smallest item in the WBS

Question 48

work performance information

Answer 48

status of the deliverables: the work that’s been started, finished or has yet to begin