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CAPM Project Management > Project Quality Management > Flashcards

Project Quality Management Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of project quality management?

A
  1. Project quality management entails:
    - plan quality management
    - mange quality
    - control quality
  2. you will compare work results to the quality requirements to ensure that the end result is acceptable
  3. you will ensure quality is measured using the right standards for the domain of the project
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2
Q

What is the role of the PM in the Project Quality Management knowledge area?

A
  1. responsible for ensuring the product is built using the correct standards to pass the quality inspections, and that all approved change requests were incorporated into the product of the project
  2. understand prevention, tolerances, and control limits associated with the project work performance and organization
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3
Q

What is the impact of the project quality management knowledge area?

A
  1. this knowledge area will generate two outputs that will be used as inputs in other processes
  2. verified deliverables and quality reports will become inputs to use when validating whether the deliverables meet the established quality and scope standards
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4
Q

What is quality vs. grade in project quality management?

A
  1. quality measures and techniques are specific to the type of deliverables being produced by the project
  2. Depending on the project, the project team may need knowledge of statistical control processes to evaluate data
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5
Q

What is prevention in project quality management?

A

an intentional activity that ensures the future performance of the project work is aligned with the project management plan

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6
Q

What is inspection in project quality management?

A

examination of a work product to determine whether it conforms to documented standards

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7
Q

What is attribute sampling in project quality management?

A

a process that determines whether or not the deliverable conforms to specifications

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8
Q

What is variable sampling in project quality management?

A

process that measures a deliverable’s conformance to a specific degree

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9
Q

What are control limits in project quality management?

A

identifies the boundaries of variation in a process

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10
Q

What is quality conformance?

A

the degree that the product or service meets the established quality requirements

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11
Q

What is quality nonconformance?

A

the degree that the product or service doesn’t meet the established quality requirements

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12
Q

What is the cost of quality (COQ) in project quality management?

A

-includes all costs incurred over the life of the product by investment in preventing nonconformance to requirements, appraising the product or service for conformance to requirements, and failing to meet requirements (rework)

the cost incurred in ensuring the quality of the project

helps you understand the allocation of budget

many organizations wisely choose to invest in defect prevention

nonconformance requires a higher COQ since the product or service will need to be revisited or replaced

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13
Q

What are the project quality management processes?

A
  1. control quality
  2. manage quality
  3. plan quality management
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14
Q

What is the control quality process of project quality management?

A

the process of monitoring and recording the results of the quality management activities to assess performance and ensure the project outputs are complete, correct, and meet customer expectations

-if it is determined that something does not meet quality requirements, PM will take action to rectify it

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15
Q

In what PM process group does the control quality process belong?

A

monitoring and controlling

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16
Q

What is the manage quality process of project quality management?

A

the process of translating the quality management plan into quality activities that incorporate the organization’s quality policies

-implements a set of planned and systematic acts and processes defined within the project’s quality management plan

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17
Q

What is the plan quality management process of project quality management?

A

the process of identifying quality requirements and standards for the project, and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance with those standards

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18
Q

In what process group is the plan quality management process of project quality management?

A

-planning process group

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19
Q

In what process group is the manage quality process of project quality management?

A

executing process group

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20
Q

What are the tailoring considerations for project quality management?

A
  1. policy compliance and auditing
  2. standards and regulatory compliance
  3. continuous improvement
  4. stakeholder engagement
  5. agile/adaptive environments
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21
Q

What are the agile/adaptive tailoring considerations for project quality management?

A
  • agile methods focus on small batches of work that are more approachable when checking for quality
  • agile methods call for frequent quality and review steps throughout the project
  • in retrospectives, the appropriate stakeholders check in with project team members who are responsible for quality control
  • these meetings ensure the effectiveness of the quality processes as they occur, rather than toward the end of the project
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22
Q

What are some of the main trends and emerging practices of project quality management?

A
  1. customer satisfaction
  2. continual improvement
  3. management responsibility
  4. mutually beneficial partnership with suppliers
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23
Q

What are some of the customer satisfaction trends and emerging practices for project quality management?

A
  • understand, evaluate, define, and manage requirements so that customer expectations are met
  • requirements should be managed so that customer satisfaction is met
  • this requires conformance to requirements and their fitness for use
  • in agile environments, continuous stakeholder engagement with project team members ensures customer satisfaction
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24
Q

What are some of the continual improvement trends and emerging practices for project quality management?

A
  • quality management should strive for continual improvement
  • the plan-do-check-act-cycle (PDCA) is the basis for quality improvement
  • in addition, quality improvement initiatives such as total quality management (TQM), Six Sigma, and lean Six Sigma may also improve quality
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25
Q

What are some of the management responsibility trends and emerging practices for project quality management?

A
  • management responsibility plays a big part in quality management
  • successful quality requires the participation of all project team members

management is responsible for providing suitable team members at adequate capacities

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26
Q

What are some of the mutually beneficial partnership with suppliers trends and emerging practices for project quality management?

A

-quality deliverables can be a a result of mutually beneficial partnerships with suppliers. An organization and its suppliers are interdependent. As this is the case, the organization should prefer long-term relationships over short-term gains

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27
Q

What is the plan-do-check-act (PDCA) cycle?

A

-the basis for continuous quality improvement as defined by Shewhart and modified by Deming

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28
Q

What is the Project Quality Management knowledge area of PM?

A
  • project quality mgmt. includes the processes for incorporating the organization’s quality policy regarding planning, managing, and controlling project and product quality requirements in order to meet stakeholders’ objectives.

Project quality mgmt. also supports continuous process improvement activities as undertaken on behalf of the performing organization

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29
Q

What is the best description of optimal cost of quality (COQ)?

A

the optimal COQ is one that reflects the appropriate balance for investing in the cost of prevention and appraisal to avoid failure costs

-models show that there is an optimal quality cost for projects, where investing in additional prevention/appraisal costs is neither beneficial nor cost effective

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30
Q

What does benchmarking involve?

A
  • involves comparing actual or planned project practices or the project’s quality standards to those of comparable projects to identify best practices, generate ideas for improvement, and provide a basis for measuring performance
  • benchmarked projects may exist within the performing organization or outside of it, or can be within the same application area or other application area
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31
Q

What is the key benefit of the plan quality management process?

A

it provides guidance on how quality will be managed throughout the project

32
Q

What is the role of the PM during the plan quality management process?

A
  • responsible for facilitating and making sure that all the needed roles are involved and that they provide insight in this process
  • make sure that the outputs of this process (the quality management plan and quality metrics) are formalized and communicated to the team
  • work with quality assurance and quality control teams to perform initial inspections, checking of rework, and so on
33
Q

What is the impact of the plan quality management process?

A
  • quality impacts all other dimensions of the project, including scope, schedule, cost, and resource allocation
  • this process can impact the project by identifying new risks and requirements, and can create new work packages
  • significant rework or new work to satisfy quality requirements may delay delivery
  • therefore various items in the quality mgmt. plan can be inputs for nearly all other management plans and vice versa
34
Q

What are the three types of quality costs?

A
  1. prevention costs
  2. appraisal costs
  3. failure costs
35
Q

What are prevention costs?

A

related to the prevention of poor quality

36
Q

What are appraisal costs?

A

related to evaluating, measuring, auditing, and testing the product of the project

37
Q

What are failure costs?

A

include any costs related to nonconformance

38
Q

What is the quality management plan?

A

document that describes how policies, procedures, and guidelines will be implemented to achieve quality objectives

can include the following:

  • quality standards and objectives
  • quality roles within the team
  • deliverables and processes subject to review
  • quality control and mgmt. activities
  • quality tools
  • major procedures relevant for the project
39
Q

What are the inputs to the plan quality management process of project quality mgmt.?

A
  1. project management plan (requirements management plan, risk management plan, stakeholder engagement plan, scope baseline)
  2. EEFs
  3. OPAs
  4. project documents
  5. project charter
40
Q

What are some of the possible EEFs that are inputs for the plan quality management process?

A
  1. governmental agency regulations
  2. rules, standards, and guidelines
  3. geographic distribution
  4. organizational structure
  5. marketplace conditions
  6. working or operating conditions of the project or its deliverables
  7. cultural perceptions
41
Q

What are some of the possible OPAs that are inputs for the plan quality management process?

A
  1. organizational quality management systems
  2. quality templates
  3. historical databases and lessons learned repositories
42
Q

What are some of the project documents that are inputs for the plan quality management process?

A
  1. assumption log
  2. requirements documentation
  3. requirements traceability matrix
  4. risk register
  5. stakeholder register
43
Q

What are the outputs for the plan quality management process?

A
  1. quality management plan
  2. project management plan updates (risk management plan and scope baseline)
  3. project documents updates (lessons learned register, requirements traceability matrix, risk register, stakeholder register)
  4. quality metrics
44
Q

W/hat are some of the project documents updates that are outputs to the plan quality management process?

A
  1. lessons learned register
  2. requirements traceability matrix
  3. risk register
  4. stakeholder register
45
Q

What is a quality metric?

A

specifically describes a project or product quality attribute and how the control quality process will verify its compliance with it.

an example of a quality metric is the number of errors found per line of code

46
Q

What are some of the tools and techniques of the plan quality management process?

A
  1. meetings
  2. expert judgement
  3. data analysis (cost-benefit analysis, cost of quality (COQ)
  4. test and inspection planning
  5. decision making
  6. data representation (flowcharts, logical data models, matrix diagrams, mind mapping)
  7. data gathering (benchmarking, brainstorming, interviews)
47
Q

What best defines the purpose of test and evaluation documents?

A

test and evaluation documents can be created based on industry needs and the organization’s templates

they are inputs to the control quality process and are used to evaluate the achievement of quality objectives

these documents may include dedicated checklists and detailed requirements traceability matrices as part of the document

48
Q

What input to the manage quality process may influence quality assurance work and should be monitored within the context of a configuration mgmt. system?

A

project documents

49
Q

What are some of the inputs to the manage quality process?

A
  1. project management plan (quality management plan)
  2. project documents (lessons learned register, quality control measurements, quality metrics, risk report)
  3. OPAs
50
Q

What is a quality audit?

A

a structured, independent process to determine if project activities comply with organizational and project policies, processes, and procedures

51
Q

What is the purpose of the manage quality process?

A

manage quality process does the following:

  • increases the probability of meeting quality objectives
  • identifies ineffective processes and the causes of poor quality
  • Manage quality is the process of translating the quality management plan into executable activities that incorporate the organization’s policies into the project
52
Q

What are the key benefits of the manage quality process/

A

increases the probability of meeting the quality objectives and identifies the causes of poor quality

53
Q

What is the role of the PM during the manage quality process?

A
  1. facilitate the implementation of the quality control processes , and empower the roles that are assigned for quality management
  2. utilize other organization quality assurance departments or functions to execute:

=failure analysis

  • design of experiments
  • quality improvement
    3. some items will likely be found to be out of configuration or not of acceptable quality
  • you will help resolve those items
  • you may decide to use a separate tracking system for quality problems
54
Q

What is the impact of the manage quality process?

A
  1. the manage quality process will likely trigger the need to iterate other specific project management processes like change management, scope management, risk management, or others
    - its outputs can result in inputs for the previously mentioned processes
    - if everything is done perfectly the first time, then other processes may not be triggered
55
Q

What are the inputs to the manage quality process?

A
  1. project documents
  2. project management plan (quality management plan)
  3. OPAs
56
Q

What are some of the project documents that are inputs to the manage quality process?

A
  1. lessons learned register
  2. quality control measurements
  3. quality metrics
  4. risk report
57
Q

What are some of the possible OPAs that are inputs to the manage quality process?

A
  1. organizational quality management systems
  2. quality templates
  3. results from previous audits
  4. lessons learned repository
58
Q

What are the outputs to the manage quality process?

A
  1. project documents updates (issue log, lessons learned register, risk register)
  2. project management plan updates (quality management plan, scope baseline, schedule baseline, cost baseline)
  3. change requests
  4. quality reports
  5. test and evaluation documents
59
Q

What are some of the tools and techniques for the manage quality process?

A
  1. decision making (multicriteria decision analysis)
  2. audits
  3. data analysis (alternatives analysis, document analysis, process analysis, root cause analysis)
  4. Design for X (DfX)
  5. Data representation
  6. problem solving
  7. quality improvement methods
  8. data gathering
60
Q

What are some of the data representation techniques for the manage quality process?

A
  1. affinity diagrams
  2. cause and effect diagrams
  3. scatter diagrams
  4. flowcharts
  5. histograms
  6. matrix diagrams
61
Q

What are affinity diagrams?

A

part of the tools and techniques of the manage quality process used to:

  • organize potential causes of defects into groups showing areas that should be focused on the most
  • a technique that allows large numbers of ideas to be classified into groups for review and analysis
62
Q

What is the main purpose of control charts?

A

control charts are used to determine whether or not a process is stable or has predictable performance

63
Q

What is a control chat?

A

a graphic display of process data over time and against established control limits, which has a centerline that assists in detecting a trend of plotted values toward either control limit.

control charts are used to determine whether or not a process is stable or has predictable performance

64
Q

What quality control tool may be used to gather data about customer satisfaction after the deployment of the product or service/

A

questionnaires and surveys

  • the cost regarding defects identified in the surveys may be considered external failure costs in the cost of quality (COQ) model and can have extensive cost implications for the organization
65
Q

What is the role of the PM during the control quality process of Project Quality Management?

A
  • coordinator in this process
  • facilitate the iteration of this process by assuring the necessary resources are available and empowering the proper roles from the team to implement and execute the appropriate quality control tasks
  • ensure any quality deficiencies are corrected
66
Q

What is the impact of the control quality process?

A
  • control quality process results in a clear conclusion: the deliverable fits or it doesn’t
  • corrective actions may be required and the change mgmt. process is triggered
  • ultimately, this could cause changes to project cost, schedule, risks, and project benefits
  • the verified deliverables obtained from the control quality process are an input to the validate scope process
  • control quality is concerned with correctness of the deliverables and meeting the quality requirements specified for the deliverables
67
Q

What is rigor in Project quality mgmt.?

A
  • the level of effort to control quality and the degree of implementation may differ between industries
  • for example, quality control will be more rigorous on a power plan construction project than it would on a home construction project
68
Q

What are the inputs to the control quality process of project quality mgmt.?

A
  1. OPAs
  2. project documents
  3. project management plan (quality mgmt. plan)
  4. EEFs
  5. deliverables
  6. work performance data
  7. approved change requests
69
Q

What are some of the possible OPAs for the control quality process?

A
  1. quality standards and policies
  2. quality templates
  3. issue and defect reporting procedures and communication policies
70
Q

What are some of the possible project documents for the control quality process?

A
  1. lessons learned register
  2. quality metrics
  3. test and evaluation documents
71
Q

What are some of the possible EEFs for the control quality process?

A
  1. PMIS
  2. governmental agency regulations
  3. rules, standards, and guidelines specific to the application area
72
Q

What are the outputs to the control quality process of project quality mgmt.?

A
  1. verified deliverables
  2. project mgmt. plan updates (quality mgmt. plan)
  3. project documents updates
  4. quality control measurements
  5. work performance information
  6. change requests
73
Q

What are some of the possible project documents updates that are outputs for the control quality process?

A
  1. issue log
  2. lessons learned register
  3. risk register
  4. test and evaluation documents
74
Q

What are some of the tools and techniques for the control quality process?

A
  1. testing or product evaluations
  2. meetings (i.e., approved change requests reviews, retrospectives and lessons learned)
  3. inspection
  4. data representation
  5. data gathering
  6. data analysis (performance reviews, root cause analysis)
75
Q

What are some examples of the data representation techniques for the control quality process?

A
  1. cause and effect diagrams
  2. control charts
  3. histograms
  4. scatter diagrams
76
Q

What are some examples of data gathering techniques for the control quality process?

A
  1. checklist
  2. check sheets
  3. statistical sampling
  4. questionnaires and surveys

CAPM Project Management (9 decks)

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