Project Management Flashcards
What is post-hoc rationalization?
A defence mechanism to protect against guilt. Where you give logical reasons to justify bad behavior unconsciously.
What is some exempels of post-hoc rationalization?
- Everyone does it
- Compared to what I could have done, my act is not so bad
- It only caused a little damage in the end.
What is the key insight from Lewin’s force field analysis?
That it is important to consider both the driving forces and the restraining forces when managing people.
What is Lewin’s force field analysis?
A framework for looking at the factors that influence bahavior.
What is driving forces in Lewin’s force field analysis?
Forces that help movement towards a goal.
(I WANT to do this)
What is inhibiting forces in Lewin’s force field?
Forces that drive movement against the goal.
(I do NOT want to do this)
What is intrinsic motivation?
Motivation from enjoying what you are doing
What does intrinsic motivation predict?
Quality and Quantity
What is extrinsic motivation?
Motivation from getting a reward for our work
What does extrinsic motivation predict?
Quantity
What are 5 personality traits in Big 5?
- Extroversion
- Agreeableness
- Conscitentousness
- Emotional Stability/Neuroticism
- Openess
What does extroversion mean?
- Sociable
- Confident
What does agreeableness mean?
- Good-natured
- Cooperative
- Trusting
What does conscientiousness mean?
- Responsible
- Reliable
- Persistent
- Organized
What does emotional stability mean?
- Calm
- Confident
- Secure under stress
What does neuroticism mean?
- Nervous
- Depressed
- Insecure under stress
What does openness mean?
- Curious
- Imaginative
- Artistic
- Sensitive
What is the relation between attention and performance?
The effects of attention on performance is a function of habits and learning; the newer a task is, the more attention plays a role in determining performance.
What kind of stakeholder is the manager that is responsible for taking cost decsions and negotiates with suppliers?
Core Stakeholder
What kind of stakeholder is people who live around an area?
Secondary Stakeholder
What kind of stakeholder is an environmental activist that want to keep and open landscape?
Primary Stakeholder
What kind of stakeholder is the landowner that owns tha land next to spot of the business area?
Primary Stakeholder
What parts are in a project triangle?
- Time
- Quality
- Resoucres
What is The Communication plan dependent on?
Stakeholder Analysis
What are the ways of working in agile methods?
- Iterative
- Incremental
- Time contstraint
What does iterative mean?
Work in cycles
What does incremental mean?
Work with scaled solutions (sprints).
What does time constraint mean?
Meet deadlines, but work strategically with scaled solution to manage it.
What are some parts of agile method?
- Deliveries are continuosly made in smaller parts
- Transparency is a key word
- Within the framework, thre is proncounced role as “Product Owner”
What are some parts of Traditional Methods?
- Managed and controlled by contract
- The scope is fixed
- Suitable to use when customer knows exactly what they want
What are the role of project manager?
- Delegating actvites and following up
- Ensures that project goal is met
What are the three steps which form in out-group bias
1: Categorization
2: Identification
3. Comparison
What does categorizing mean?
Categorizing different people into out-groups and in-groups
What does identification mean?
The group we identify with which creates a us vs them mentality and creates bias against the out-group
What does comparison mean?
We favor our group higher then the outgroup and that creates a bias towards the outgroup.
What are the effects of organizational identication?
- Satisfaction with job and organization
- Job involvement
- Burnout
What is four abilities included in emotional intelligence
- Self awareness and self-understanding
- Self-regulation
- Social skills
- Empathy
What does self awareness and self-understanding mean?
Being able to perceive and understand your own feelings
What does self-regulation mean?
Regulating and managing your own emotions
What does social skills mean?
Be able to understand and express yourself emotionally
What does empathy mean?
Be able to understand others feelings and emotions
What is the concept when you are irritated, have lack of focus and your motivation is reduced?
Burnout
What is conservation of resources theory?
Is a theory that explains how individuals strive to obtain, retain, and protect resources they value
How can burnout effect a work team?
Resource loss spiral: Burnout causes reduced motivation and focus which can lad to lower productivity and performance. Which mean the team must take on additional work.
What are the three categorizes that can increase or decrease burnout?
- Acceptance
- Competence
- Optimal predictability
How does acceptance affect burnout?
If you are treated with respect and feel loved it decrease burnout but if you feel disliked or rejected it will increase burnout
How does competence affect burnout?
If you are able to achieve set goal and feel in control it decreases burnout. If you fail to achieve set goal or feel helpless and unable to take responsibility it increases burnout
How does optimal predictability affect burnout?
If you are able to predict how to achieve success and avoid failure or understand how others think of you it will decrease burnout. But if you are not able to do that it will increase burnout.
What is inaction motivation?
A psychological state where an individual is driven to avoid action or maintain the current state. The individual becomes motivated to stay passive or disengaged.
Why does inaction motivation happen?
- Being afraid to be judged and excluded
- Taking actions that have potential to give of a bad impression in a group
What are the three impressions that people are motivated to prevent others from forming about themselves?
- Lacking ability to perform
- Lacking popularity
- Lacking predictability
What does “lacking ability to perform” mean?
Being perceived as unable to something
What does “lacking popularity” mean?
Be perceived as unpopular, not being liked or appreciated
What does “lacking predictability” mean?
Being perceived as unpredictable through out-group seeking; as being disloyal
How can you counter inaction motivation?
- Reduce the social costs
- Increase psychological safety
How does the “social costs” strategy work?
Use normalizing action. Normalize the desired behavior and clarify the difference between red flags and learning opportunities.
How does the “increase psychological safety” strategy work?
Make sure what people do (aside from red flags), they will always be part of the in-group. Create a climate that promotes acceptance, respect and empathy.
