Project management Flashcards

1
Q

What is a milestone?

A

A significant event or point in time within a project represents the completion of major phase or an occurance of a crucial event

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2
Q

What is scope?

A

Setting the boundaries and defining exactly what needs to be done in a project

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3
Q

What is a gnatt chart

A

A tool that provides a visual of projects schecule, that displays tasks or activities along a timeline

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4
Q

Programn evaluation and review techniqe (PERT)?

A

Technique that was developped to analyse the tasks involved in completing a given project

-useful in projects where the activities ar uncertain

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5
Q

What is a fishbone diagram?

A

Visual representation that helps identify and explore causes of a specific problem or effect

(Head represents the problem)

(bones represent the causes)

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6
Q

Project risk management

What is a proactive risk response?

A

-Implimented before the risk occurs
-Aims to prevent or reduce impact

(Examples of proactive responses: Avoidance, Mitigation, Transfer)

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7
Q

what is a reactive response

A

-Implimented after risk event occurs or during its occurance
-Goal of minimizing the consequenses after occurance

(example of a passive response, Accaptance)

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8
Q

Failure mode effect analysis (FMEA)

A

A method for evaluating a process to identify where and how it might fail.

And how to prioritize different problems based on how much impact they have

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9
Q

Pareto princible

A

Also known as the 80/20 rule
-suggests that roughly 80% if the effects come from 20% of the causes

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10
Q

Demings PDCA cycle

A

-constists of 4 stages:
Plan-DO-Check-act

  • used to identify, impliment and sustain improvements in processes and products
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11
Q

Name 7 stages that differs between agile and traditional project management

A

Projects approach

Flexibility and adaptablity

Customer involvement

Project control

Delivery of a final product

Risk management

Documentation

Testing

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12
Q

What is predictable planning?

A

-Emphazises detailed planning at the beginning of the project

-Aims to define and predict the entire project scope and requirements upfront

-Holds on cloesely to the plan throughout the project life cycle

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13
Q

what is Iterative planning?

A

-Breaks the project into iterations or cycles

  • Each iteration involves planning, execution and evaluation

-Allows for adjustments and refinements after each iteration (replication)

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14
Q

Incremental planning

A

-Focuses on delivering in increments or stages

-Each increment adds new features or capabilities to the existing project

-planning is done for each increment seperatly

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15
Q

What is adaptive planning?

A

-Embraces change and unceranity a natural part of the project

-Plans are adjusted and refined continously throughout the project

-Prioritizes responsing to change over sticking to a predetermines plan

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16
Q

Name 5 things project managers does during initiation/ prestudy phase

A

Develop a project charter

Idenify and analyze stakeholders

Conduct a feasability study

Perform a preliminary risk assessment (to identify potential risks and uncertanitys)

Begin identifying and allocating resources needed for the project

  1. ( Conduct a project kick of meeting to officially launch the project and allign stakeholders with its goals and expectations)
17
Q

Name 5 things project managers do during the planning phase

A

Create project scope

Develop a project plan

Define roles and responsabilities

Risk management

communication planning

quality planning

18
Q

Name 5 things project manager does during the execution phase

A

Puts project plan into action

Implimenting project tasks

Managing the team

Monitoring progress

19
Q

Name 5 thing a project manager does during the closure phase

A

Finalizing delverables

Conducting a closure meeting to review the project

Documenting the lessons learned

Facilitating the handover of deliberables to stakeholders

Close contract and financials

20
Q

What is a matrix organizational structure?

A

a company structure where teams report to multiple leaders.

The matrix design keeps open communication between teams and can help companies create more innovative products and services.

Using this structure prevents teams from needing to realign every time a new project begins

21
Q

What is a project-basedd organisation?

A

-Structured around execution of projects

-Project managers have significant authority and teams are assembled temproarly for specific projects

-Clear project objectives

-Once project is complete, resoucses are relocated to other projects, making the organization dynamic and adaptive

22
Q

A functional hierachiacal organization

A

-Clear chain of command, specialized funcional department and focuses on routine tasks

-Employees report to functional managers and decision-making flows upward though the hierarchy

-Stable structure, but may lack the ability to be dynamic or project based work

(used in traditional project management)

23
Q

Flowbased structure

A

-Emphasizes smooth flow of work

-It encourages collaboration, adapts to change quickly and keeps a customer center approach

24
Q

Name 7 ways to evaluate stakeholders

A

Identify stakeholders

Asses the interest and influence of stakeholders

Map relationships

Evaluate impact

Catogerize and priorritize based on stakeholders interest and influence

Develop communication plan to keep stake holders informed

Regular updates to stakeholders

25
Q

What is critical path?

A

The sequence of tasks that detetmines the shortest time needed to complete a project

-It represenst the longest duration and any delay in these tasks delays the project

26
Q

What is crashing?

A

A technique used to speed up a project by adding more resources or intensifying existning ones

27
Q

What is resourse leveling?

A

Is about balancing and optimizing the use of resources throughout the project

28
Q

What is earned value analysis? (EVA)

A

A method to asses project performance by combining infromation on scope schedule and costs

29
Q

What is the zeigarnik effect?

A

The tendency for people to remember and focus on tasks that are incomplete rather then completed

30
Q

What does parkinsons law state

A

'’Work expands to fill the time available for its completion’’

31
Q

What is student syndrome?

A

when people delay their tasks and wait until the last moment to complete them

32
Q

what is a deliverable?

A

Tangible or intangable item, dpcument or result that is provided as a part of the project

33
Q

Whar is work break down structure

A

Visual breakdown of project into smaller manageable tasks

(Helps define the scope, organize work hierarchly etc)

34
Q

What is a scope creep?

A

When a project scope expands without proper approval

-Happens when extra tasks or features are added, leading to potential issues like extra cost and delays

35
Q

WHat is a smart goal?

A

Specific:

Measurable:

Achievable:

Relevant:

Timebound:

36
Q

What are some project requirements?

A

Funcionality: Describe features of product

Performance: specify how the product should perform

Usability:

Compatability: similarities with other systems

security: identify security

(Product requrements detail the features that the final product mus posess to meet user needs and expectations)

37
Q

Name 4 response stratagies and give examples

A

Avoidance: Eliminate or change plans to avoid risk

2 Mitigation: reduce the probability or impact of a risk

  1. Transfer: shift the risk impact to a third party, such as an inscurance provider

4.Accaptance: acknowlage the risk without taking specific action