Project management

Question 1

What is a milestone?

Answer 1

A significant event or point in time within a project represents the completion of major phase or an occurance of a crucial event

Question 2

What is scope?

Answer 2

Setting the boundaries and defining exactly what needs to be done in a project

Question 3

What is a gnatt chart

Answer 3

A tool that provides a visual of projects schecule, that displays tasks or activities along a timeline

Question 4

Programn evaluation and review techniqe (PERT)?

Answer 4

Technique that was developped to analyse the tasks involved in completing a given project

-useful in projects where the activities ar uncertain

Question 5

What is a fishbone diagram?

Answer 5

Visual representation that helps identify and explore causes of a specific problem or effect

(Head represents the problem)

(bones represent the causes)

Question 6

Project risk management

What is a proactive risk response?

Answer 6

-Implimented before the risk occurs
-Aims to prevent or reduce impact

(Examples of proactive responses: Avoidance, Mitigation, Transfer)

Question 7

what is a reactive response

Answer 7

-Implimented after risk event occurs or during its occurance
-Goal of minimizing the consequenses after occurance

(example of a passive response, Accaptance)

Question 8

Failure mode effect analysis (FMEA)

Answer 8

A method for evaluating a process to identify where and how it might fail.

And how to prioritize different problems based on how much impact they have

Question 9

Pareto princible

Answer 9

Also known as the 80/20 rule
-suggests that roughly 80% if the effects come from 20% of the causes

Question 10

Demings PDCA cycle

Answer 10

-constists of 4 stages:
Plan-DO-Check-act

• used to identify, impliment and sustain improvements in processes and products

Question 11

Name 7 stages that differs between agile and traditional project management

Answer 11

Projects approach

Flexibility and adaptablity

Customer involvement

Project control

Delivery of a final product

Risk management

Documentation

Testing

Question 12

What is predictable planning?

Answer 12

-Emphazises detailed planning at the beginning of the project

-Aims to define and predict the entire project scope and requirements upfront

-Holds on cloesely to the plan throughout the project life cycle

Question 13

what is Iterative planning?

Answer 13

-Breaks the project into iterations or cycles

• Each iteration involves planning, execution and evaluation

-Allows for adjustments and refinements after each iteration (replication)

Question 14

Incremental planning

Answer 14

-Focuses on delivering in increments or stages

-Each increment adds new features or capabilities to the existing project

-planning is done for each increment seperatly

Question 15

What is adaptive planning?

Answer 15

-Embraces change and unceranity a natural part of the project

-Plans are adjusted and refined continously throughout the project

-Prioritizes responsing to change over sticking to a predetermines plan

Question 16

Name 5 things project managers does during initiation/ prestudy phase

Answer 16

Develop a project charter

Idenify and analyze stakeholders

Conduct a feasability study

Perform a preliminary risk assessment (to identify potential risks and uncertanitys)

Begin identifying and allocating resources needed for the project

6. ( Conduct a project kick of meeting to officially launch the project and allign stakeholders with its goals and expectations)

Question 17

Name 5 things project managers do during the planning phase

Answer 17

Create project scope

Develop a project plan

Define roles and responsabilities

Risk management

communication planning

quality planning

Question 18

Name 5 things project manager does during the execution phase

Answer 18

Puts project plan into action

Implimenting project tasks

Managing the team

Monitoring progress

Question 19

Name 5 thing a project manager does during the closure phase

Answer 19

Finalizing delverables

Conducting a closure meeting to review the project

Documenting the lessons learned

Facilitating the handover of deliberables to stakeholders

Close contract and financials

Question 20

What is a matrix organizational structure?

Answer 20

a company structure where teams report to multiple leaders.

The matrix design keeps open communication between teams and can help companies create more innovative products and services.

Using this structure prevents teams from needing to realign every time a new project begins

Question 21

What is a project-basedd organisation?

Answer 21

-Structured around execution of projects

-Project managers have significant authority and teams are assembled temproarly for specific projects

-Clear project objectives

-Once project is complete, resoucses are relocated to other projects, making the organization dynamic and adaptive

Question 22

A functional hierachiacal organization

Answer 22

-Clear chain of command, specialized funcional department and focuses on routine tasks

-Employees report to functional managers and decision-making flows upward though the hierarchy

-Stable structure, but may lack the ability to be dynamic or project based work

(used in traditional project management)

Question 23

Flowbased structure

Answer 23

-Emphasizes smooth flow of work

-It encourages collaboration, adapts to change quickly and keeps a customer center approach

Question 24

Name 7 ways to evaluate stakeholders

Answer 24

Identify stakeholders

Asses the interest and influence of stakeholders

Map relationships

Evaluate impact

Catogerize and priorritize based on stakeholders interest and influence

Develop communication plan to keep stake holders informed

Regular updates to stakeholders

Question 25

What is critical path?

Answer 25

The sequence of tasks that detetmines the shortest time needed to complete a project

-It represenst the longest duration and any delay in these tasks delays the project

Question 26

What is crashing?

Answer 26

A technique used to speed up a project by adding more resources or intensifying existning ones

Question 27

What is resourse leveling?

Answer 27

Is about balancing and optimizing the use of resources throughout the project

Question 28

What is earned value analysis? (EVA)

Answer 28

A method to asses project performance by combining infromation on scope schedule and costs

Question 29

What is the zeigarnik effect?

Answer 29

The tendency for people to remember and focus on tasks that are incomplete rather then completed

Question 30

What does parkinsons law state

Answer 30

'’Work expands to fill the time available for its completion’’

Question 31

What is student syndrome?

Answer 31

when people delay their tasks and wait until the last moment to complete them

Question 32

what is a deliverable?

Answer 32

Tangible or intangable item, dpcument or result that is provided as a part of the project

Question 33

Whar is work break down structure

Answer 33

Visual breakdown of project into smaller manageable tasks

(Helps define the scope, organize work hierarchly etc)

Question 34

What is a scope creep?

Answer 34

When a project scope expands without proper approval

-Happens when extra tasks or features are added, leading to potential issues like extra cost and delays

Question 35

WHat is a smart goal?

Answer 35

Specific:

Measurable:

Achievable:

Relevant:

Timebound:

Question 36

What are some project requirements?

Answer 36

Funcionality: Describe features of product

Performance: specify how the product should perform

Usability:

Compatability: similarities with other systems

security: identify security

(Product requrements detail the features that the final product mus posess to meet user needs and expectations)

Question 37

Name 4 response stratagies and give examples

Answer 37

Avoidance: Eliminate or change plans to avoid risk

2 Mitigation: reduce the probability or impact of a risk

3. Transfer: shift the risk impact to a third party, such as an inscurance provider

4.Accaptance: acknowlage the risk without taking specific action