progressive era Flashcards
mark twain
author who coined the term gilded age
booker t washington
believed african americans should focus on economic goals over political ones
andrew carnegie
steel tycoon, gospel of wealth and helped fund public libraries
herbert spencer
applied darwin’s theory of evolution to society (social darwinism)
john d rockefeller
standard oil
lester frank ward
dynamic sociology and reform darwinism (gov could cure poverty, etc)
jp morgan
railroad trusts and us steel
william jennings bryan
populism and free silver
cornelius vanderbilt
purchased railroads and built grand central in nyc
william tweed
ledaer of political machine
tariff
tax on imports or exports
lockouts
temporary work stoppage or denial of employment initiated by the management of a company during a labor dispute
greenbacks
paper currency issued during the civil war
corporations
is an independent legal entity owned by shareholders.
inflation
loss of the value of money
stock
money available for investment or trading
bonds
a note issued by the government that promises to pay off a loan with interest
monopoly
total control of a type of industry by one company or person
holding company
a company whose primary business is controlling a share of stock in another company
cooperatives
a store where farmers buy and sell products from eachother
trust
a combination of firms by a legal agreement
mortgages
not paying entire cost up front
chain store
when a company owns many different stores selling the same product
interest rates
the proportion of a loan that is charged as interest to the borrower
deflation
increase in the value of money
arbitration
mediation by a third party
trade union
an organization of workers with the same trade or skill
strike
stoppage of work by employees to demand better conditions
blacklist
a list of disapproved persons
closed shop
an agreement in which a company agrees to only hire union members
laissez faire
government sholdnt interfere w economy
interstate commerce commission
regulate railroads (and later trucking) to ensure fair rates, to eliminate rate discrimination, and to regulate other aspects of common carriers, including interstate bus lines and telephone companies.
political machine
political organization that gave people necessities in return for votes/power
Sherman antirust act
prohibited restraint of trade within the states
graft
acquisition of money in dishonest ways
marxism
self-emancipation of the working class
party boss
leader of a political machine
people’sparty
populists
populism
farmers, free coinage of silver and government ownership of railroads
civil service
gov workers given jobs based on qualifications, not political affiliation
plessy v ferguson
requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of “separate but equal
immigrant
someone who moves into a place
vaudeville
a type of entertainment popular chiefly in the US in the early 20th century, featuring a mixture of specialty acts such as burlesque comedy and song and dance.
steerage
lower deck of a ship
epidemic
a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.
sharecropper
person who rents land to farm
settlement house
an institution in an inner-city area providing educational, recreational, and other social services to the community.
exoduster
african americans that went west
americanization
process of americanizing
segregation
separating groups
nativism
dislike of immigrants
jim crow
state and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States.
prejudice
dislike of another group for no reason
social darwinism
survival of the fittest applied to society
tenements
apartment buildings thathoused lots of people in cities
injunction
an authoritative warning or order.
socialite
person (usually from a privileged, wealthy or aristocratic background), who has a largely known reputation and a high social position in upper class society.
naturalism
peoples lives were controlled by things outside of their control
realism
portray the world realistically
jane addams
created hull hose
upton sinclair
wrote the jungle
web dubois
cofounded naacp, niagra movement
william howard taft
27th president
jacob riis
how the other half lives
eugene v debs
socialist
public interest
the welfare or well-being of the general public
workers compensation
insurance providing wage replacement and medical benefits to employees injured in the course of employment
muckraker
reform-minded American journalists who wrote largely for all popular magazines.
atlanta compromise
agreement struck in 1895 between Booker T. Washington, president of the Tuskegee Institute, and other African-American leaders, and Southern white leaders.
laboratory of democracy
state may, if its citizens choose, serve as a laboratory; and try novel social and economic experiments without risk to the rest of the country
hepburn act
gave the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) the power to set maximum railroad rates and extend its jurisdiction.
square deal
conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection.
federal trade act
designed to protect consumers from unfair and deceptive practices in the marketplace, as well as to prevent businesses from engaging in monopolizing practices.
clayton anti trust act
attempts to prohibit certain actions that lead to anti-competitiveness.
referendum
a general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct decision.
16th amendment
income tax
17th amendment
allowed people to vote on senators
18th amendment
prohibition
19th amendment
womens suffrage
what is free enterprise
freedom of private businesses to operate competitively for profit with minimal governmental regulation
vertical integration
several steps of productiona re owned by a company
horizontal integration
taking over a similar company`
social classes
upper class, middle class, working class, fami,ly class
