Progression test 2 CP1

Question 1

adeno carcinoma relates to what tissue

Answer 1

Glandular tissue of epithelium

Question 2

sarcoma relates to what tissue

Answer 2

connective and supportive tissue e.g. bones osteosarcoma, liposarcoma (fat)

Question 3

What is Meckels diverticulum

Answer 3

congenital outpouching of gut which can cause bleeding

Question 4

What is a barium follow through

Answer 4

looks at small intestine as opposed to meal which looks at lower esophagus

Question 5

What is dimorphic anemia

Answer 5

Anaemia that is characterised by both microcytic and macrocytic cells in smear caused when there is both iron and folate deficiency. Therefore MCV can appear normal

Question 6

What are anti-transglutaminase antibodies (ATA) and what can they detect

Answer 6

auto antibodies for transglutaminase used to look for coeliac, IBD (crohns, UC), Arthritis

Question 7

micturition definition

Answer 7

peeing

Question 8

what is mittelschmerz

Answer 8

Ovulation pain

Question 9

what is haemochromatosis

Answer 9

Hereditary disease characterized by increased intestinal iron absorption, patients usually present with cirrhosis, polyarthropathy, adrenal insufficiency, heart failure and diabetes

Question 10

What is an intravenous pyelogram/urogram (IVP/U)

Answer 10

X ray of urinary tract with injected iodinated contrast

Question 11

What is butylbromide (bucospan) and what is it used for

Answer 11

Antispasmodic used for bowel colic + other gastro-intestinal/genito-urinary disorders characterized by SM dynfunction

Question 12

What is diclofenac and what is it used for

Answer 12

NSAID used for mild to moderate pain in osteo/rheumatoid arthritis

Question 13

what are MCV and MCH

Answer 13

MCV - size of RBC

MCH - amount of haem in each RBC

Question 14

Causes of Iron deficient anaemia

Answer 14

Blood loss - heavy menstruation
Decreased absorption - coelic
Increased demand - growth
Inadequate intake - premature infants

Question 15

What is the most common type of anaemia

Answer 15

iron-deficient anaemia

Question 16

What key vitamins do you need to create blood

Answer 16

folate + B12

Question 17

Define microcytic and macrocytic anaemia, what causes them and an example

Answer 17

microcytic-Small RBCs caused by iron deficiency, example IDA

macrocytic-Large RBCs caused by deficiency of B12 and folate, example megaloblastic anaemia

Question 18

What is pernicious anaemia

Answer 18

autoimmune disease leading to B12 deficiency

Question 19

Causes of normocytic anaemia

Answer 19

Acute blood loss
Haemolytic anaemia
chronic disease (HIV)
Diamorphic blood film

Question 20

Causes of haemolytic anaemia

Answer 20

Intrinsic/hereditary-sickle cell disease

Extrinsic/acquired-mycoplasma pneumoniae, autoimmune disases e.g. RA

Question 21

Positive investigations for IDA

Answer 21

Blood film - microcyt, hypochrom with shape and size variation
Serum iron - decreased
Total iron binding capacity - increased
Serum ferritin - decreased
Soluble transferrin receptors - increased

Question 22

What is a SHAPE study

Answer 22

Study used to measure colonic transit using radiopaque markers

Question 23

What is SB enteroclysis

Answer 23

Used to evaluate small bowel mucosa using fluoroscopy

Question 24

Name blood markers of coeliac disease

Answer 24

anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies
endomysial antibodies (EMA)
deamidated gliadin peptide (DGP) antibodies

Question 25

What part of the bowel is Crohns most common

Answer 25

Ileum