Progression test 2 CP1 Flashcards
adeno carcinoma relates to what tissue
Glandular tissue of epithelium
sarcoma relates to what tissue
connective and supportive tissue e.g. bones osteosarcoma, liposarcoma (fat)
What is Meckels diverticulum
congenital outpouching of gut which can cause bleeding
What is a barium follow through
looks at small intestine as opposed to meal which looks at lower esophagus
What is dimorphic anemia
Anaemia that is characterised by both microcytic and macrocytic cells in smear caused when there is both iron and folate deficiency. Therefore MCV can appear normal
What are anti-transglutaminase antibodies (ATA) and what can they detect
auto antibodies for transglutaminase used to look for coeliac, IBD (crohns, UC), Arthritis
micturition definition
peeing
what is mittelschmerz
Ovulation pain
what is haemochromatosis
Hereditary disease characterized by increased intestinal iron absorption, patients usually present with cirrhosis, polyarthropathy, adrenal insufficiency, heart failure and diabetes
What is an intravenous pyelogram/urogram (IVP/U)
X ray of urinary tract with injected iodinated contrast
What is butylbromide (bucospan) and what is it used for
Antispasmodic used for bowel colic + other gastro-intestinal/genito-urinary disorders characterized by SM dynfunction
What is diclofenac and what is it used for
NSAID used for mild to moderate pain in osteo/rheumatoid arthritis
what are MCV and MCH
MCV - size of RBC
MCH - amount of haem in each RBC
Causes of Iron deficient anaemia
Blood loss - heavy menstruation
Decreased absorption - coelic
Increased demand - growth
Inadequate intake - premature infants
What is the most common type of anaemia
iron-deficient anaemia
What key vitamins do you need to create blood
folate + B12
Define microcytic and macrocytic anaemia, what causes them and an example
microcytic-Small RBCs caused by iron deficiency, example IDA
macrocytic-Large RBCs caused by deficiency of B12 and folate, example megaloblastic anaemia
What is pernicious anaemia
autoimmune disease leading to B12 deficiency
Causes of normocytic anaemia
Acute blood loss
Haemolytic anaemia
chronic disease (HIV)
Diamorphic blood film
Causes of haemolytic anaemia
Intrinsic/hereditary-sickle cell disease
Extrinsic/acquired-mycoplasma pneumoniae, autoimmune disases e.g. RA
Positive investigations for IDA
Blood film - microcyt, hypochrom with shape and size variation
Serum iron - decreased
Total iron binding capacity - increased
Serum ferritin - decreased
Soluble transferrin receptors - increased
What is a SHAPE study
Study used to measure colonic transit using radiopaque markers
What is SB enteroclysis
Used to evaluate small bowel mucosa using fluoroscopy
Name blood markers of coeliac disease
anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies
endomysial antibodies (EMA)
deamidated gliadin peptide (DGP) antibodies
What part of the bowel is Crohns most common
Ileum
