Progress in Education

Question 1

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Answer 1

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Question 2

What impact did the Plessey v Ferguson case bring?

Answer 2

It said that segregation was acceptable if the facilities provided were equal.

Question 3

What did the NAACP do in the Brown vs Topeka case?

Answer 3

In 1952, NAACP take 5 desegregation cases to the Supreme Court

Question 4

What was the argument in the Brown vs Topeka case?

Answer 4

Seperate was not equal, it went against the 14th Amendment

Question 5

What was the judgement in the Brown vs Topeka case?

Answer 5

• Supreme Court has still not made a decision.
• Earl Warren replaces pro-segregation judge, as Chief Justice, in December 1952

Question 6

What was the change in the Brown vs Topeka case?

Answer 6

May 1954, Supreme Court ruling: ‘Seperate but not equal’ had no place in education

Question 7

What was the timescale in the Brown vs Topeka case?

Answer 7

May 1955, Supreme Court ruled out for desegregation, “with all deliberate speed

Question 8

What is evidence for short term sucess of Brown vs Topeka?

Answer 8

• Plessy was reversed
• Led to many further legal victories
• Southern border states desegregated schools

Question 9

What is evidence for Brown vs Topeka being unsucessful?

Answer 9

1) Southern Manifesto rejected Brown descision
2) Threat and violence to black children to intergrate schools
3) Southern goverments pledged to keep segregation
4) White Citizens Council set up
5) KKK membership grew
6) White paremt groups protested outside of schools

Question 10

What were the long term effects of Brown vs Topkeka?

Answer 10

1) Black students faced hostility in black schools
2) More Awareness of Civil Right movement- but NAACP members fell
3) White Flight - White people fleeing from black areas
4) Led to more desegration legislatipn
5) Desgration was slow in some places
6) Some black teachers lost jobs

Question 11

What was the significance of Little Rock?

Answer 11

1) 75 Stuents applites, 25 got in only 8 willing to go after threats of violence
2) Arkansas govenor, Fabus, sends troops to prevent black students entering schools
3) NAACP Arranged for students to arrive to school together
4) pictures seen worldwide on TV
5) Pres.Eisenhower order Fabus to remove state troops
6) Eisenhower sends fedral troops to control the situation
7) May 1958 - September 1959 Fabus closes school for a year until parent’s reopen it

Question 12

Why was Little Rock so important?

Answer 12

• President Eisenhower was forced to take action
• It attracted worldwide attention
• 1957, Eisenhower set up first civil right act since 1875. It set up a commision to prosecute anybody who tried to deny American citizens their rights
• Supreme court reopend schools in arkansas for blacks and whites

Question 13

How did the White Citizens Council oppose to the intergrated school in the South?

Answer 13

• Grew rapidly
• Petitioned and campaigned against desegreation
• Threatend families
• Violence and intimidation esclated

Question 14

What was the political opposition to the intergrated school in the South?

Answer 14

1) Senator Harry F Byrd demanded ‘massive resistance’
2) Prince Edward county in Virginia closed public schools
3) School boards very slow to integrate
4) Some admitted only a few black children at a time
5) Some school boards segregated within schools, set admission tests that were unfair against blacks, only segregated a few schools