Programming Paradigms Flashcards
Object
Are the fundamental core of the Object Oriented paradigm , is an instance of a class. It has methods and properties
Use Case Diagrams
a means for specifying required usages of a system. Typically, they are used to capture the requirements of a system, that is, what a system is supposed to do.
Encapsulation
Restricting how an object’s data can be accessed
Method
any object that an object (based on a class) can perform
Contructors
class methods that are executed automatically when an object of a given type is created. They usually initialise the instance variables of the new object.
Destructors
used to destruct instances of classes. They will also reclaim any unmanaged resources ( mainly memory) allocated
Class Libraries
A collection of classes.
Derived Classes
inherit the properties and methods of the base/superclass
Multiple Inheritance
derived classes can inherit from multiple classes.
Concurrent Programming
when processes are overlapping instead of sequentially
These could be distributed (not all process running on a single system)
Coordination
Threads needs to use various coordination methods to ensure that the task is completed successfully
Race Conditions
When different threads are independently altering the state of a value. Locks are a way to prevent this.
Deadlock
A situation in which 2 or more competing threads are waiting for the other to finished, and so neither does.
Resource Starvation
When one thread is perhaps using all available CPU time or RAM or some other resource
What is the difference between an object and a class
An object is an instance of a class, a class is a template that defines the methods and attributes.
