Programming Language

Question 1

High-level languages

Answer 1

Designed to allow humans to write computer programs and interact with a computer system without having specific knowledge of the processor or hardware.
Use command words and syntax which reflect everyday language making it easier to learn and use.
Offer the programmer libraries and built-in functions

Question 2

Characteristics of high-level languages

Answer 2

~Syntax that is easy for humans to understand
~Command words similar to natural human language
~A single line can accomplish multiple tasks
~Allow the programmer to focus on what the program is trying to achieve rather than how the hardware operates
~Source code is translated into machine code for the computer to process

Question 3

Advantages of high-level languages

Answer 3

Easier to read and write
Portable
Libraries of functions
Pre-written code

Question 4

Imperative languages

Answer 4

Programmers will solve a problem by writing a set of instructions that state how a problem should be solved.
Eg C, python

Question 5

Declarative languages

Answer 5

Define what what should be achieved by the program rather than how to solve a problem.
Also known as domain-specific languages (DSL).
User declares the problem to be solved without having to know how the solution is executed.
Eg SQL

Question 6

Object-oriented languages

Answer 6

Programmers use classes to define objects in order to model the problem to be solved.
Involves modular design.

Question 7

Encapsulation

Answer 7

The state of an object is private, and other objects can only interact with the object’s public methods.

Question 8

Inheritance

Answer 8

Subclasses can inherit properties and methods from one or more parent class.

Question 9

Polymorphism

Answer 9

The ability of an object to take on many different forms. Specifically for a method with the same name to have many different implementations.

Question 10

Immediate addressing

Answer 10

The operand specifies a value

Question 11

Direct addressing

Answer 11

The operand specifies the address of a memory location.

Question 12

Indirect addressing

Answer 12

Operand specifies the address of a memory location which holds the address of another memory location.

Question 13

Indexed addressing

Answer 13

The operand specifies the address. The contents of the index register is added to the address to determine a second address.

Question 14

Attribute

Answer 14

A data item that helps define or describe the object eg variables

Question 15

Class definition

Answer 15

A blueprint that defines the properties of all objects on the same type.
Each object is one of a group of similar objects, and you define the group as a class. The class definition will describe every object of that type.