Programming/CS

Question 1

XOR

Answer 1

Returns true if EITHER A or B is true, but NOT both

Question 2

NOT AND (NAND)

Answer 2

Returns true UNLESS both A and B are true (opposite of AND)

Question 3

NOT OR (NOR)

Answer 3

Returns true ONLY when both A and B are FALSE

Question 4

Assembly Language

Answer 4

Shortcuts for machine language, still not very human readable

Question 5

“High-Level” languages

Answer 5

More human-readable, have to be compiled before execution, in machine-specific assembly or machine language

Question 6

Imperative programming paradigm

Answer 6

Program as a series of tasks or subroutines, can be re-used. Sequential instructions

Question 7

Object-oriented programming paradigm

Answer 7

Programs are a collection of interacting objects. Class is the blueprint for an Object. Instance is a specific member of the class.

Question 8

Object characteristics

Answer 8

Attributes - adjectives
Methods - verbs
Encapsulation - access privileges
Composition - Combination of objects into more complex objects
Inheritance - structure goes to child, can be extended
Polymorphism - Child can override parent attributes/methods

Question 9

Relational database

Answer 9

Table = Relation
Attribute = Column
Tuple = Row
Element = Cell

Question 10

Inner Join

Answer 10

Similar to an AND function. Only returns rows that have values in both tables as linked by PK. So, if one of the tables has a null value in the tuple, it will not be returned in the JOIN results.

Question 11

LEFT Outer Join

Answer 11

Returns all rows matching criterion from LEFT table, including those with NULL values in the RIGHT table

Question 12

RIGHT Outer Join

Answer 12

Returns all rows matching criterion from R table, including those with NULL values in the L table

Question 13

FULL Outer Join

Answer 13

Like an OR function, returns all rows matching either criterion, unless both are NULL

Question 14

% vs _ in SQL

Answer 14

% is multicharacter wildcard, _ is the exact number of characters

Question 15

Hierarchical database

Answer 15

“Know everything about one thing” Easy to traverse vertically not horizontally. MUMPS is archetype in EHRs.

Question 16

ACID Transaction

Answer 16

Atomicity, Consistency (obeys rules of data structure), Isolation (no duplicate actions allowed that would confuse data integrity), Durability (if connectivity is lost, how do we know what happened?)

Question 17

OSI 7-layer model of the internet

Answer 17

Application - Data
Presentation - Data
Session - Data
Transport - Segment (TCP) or Datagram (UDP)
Network - Packet
Data Link - Frame
Physical - Bit