Formulas

Question 1

Sensitivity

Answer 1

TP/(TP+FN), also Recall

Question 2

Specificity

Answer 2

TN/(TN+FP)

Question 3

PPV

Answer 3

TP/(TP+FP), also Precision

Question 4

NPV

Answer 4

TN/(TN+FN)

Question 5

Likelihood ratio (+)

Answer 5

Sens/(1-Spec), or Probability of testing positive with disease, divided by probability of testing positive in the absence of disease

Question 6

Likelihood ratio (-)

Answer 6

(1-Sens)/Spec, or Probability of testing negative with disease, divided by probability of testing negative in the absence of disease

Question 7

Odds Ratio

Answer 7

LR+/LR-

Question 8

Abs Risk Reduction

Answer 8

Experimental Event Rate - Control Event Rate

Question 9

Relative Risk Reduction

Answer 9

ARR/(Control Event Rate)

Question 10

Odds

Answer 10

P(x):P(1-x), so 1:3 means 0.25 probability of event

Question 11

Relative Risk

Answer 11

EER/CER

Question 12

NNT

Answer 12

1/(ARR) or 1/(EER-CER)

Question 13

Post-test odds

Answer 13

Pre-test odds * LR

Question 14

FMEA

Answer 14

Failure Mode Effects Analysis, Severity, Frequency, Detectability

Question 15

Taiichi Ohno

Answer 15

Toyota Lean

Question 16

Deming

Answer 16

Lean, PDSA

Question 17

Bayes

Answer 17

P (A | B) = (P (B | A) x P(A))/(P (B)