Programming as a data scientist

Question 1

Jupyter Notebook

Answer 1

Also called a Notebook, a cloud-based interface for writing, executing, and presenting Python code

Question 2

Markdown

Answer 2

A way of writing text that, when read by an interpreter, formats the text that you’ve written so that it includes styling such as headers, bold, and italics.

Question 3

Cascading Style Sheets CSS

Answer 3

(programming language) is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in HTML or XML. It describes how elements should be rendered on screen, on paper, in speech, or on other media.

Question 4

What is the file extension for Jupyter Notebooks?

Answer 4

.ipynb

Question 5

State of a Variable

Answer 5

What value is assigned to a variable

Question 6

variable

Answer 6

a named container that can store a changeable data value

Question 7

state

Answer 7

data that defines the condition of some object of program

Question 8

Reserved word

Answer 8

a special category of words that you’re not allowed to use as variable names in a given programming language

Question 9

Snake case

Answer 9

A style of writing in which each space is replaced by an underscore

Question 10

String

Answer 10

A sequence of letters, numerals, punctuation marks, or other characters, treated as text

Question 11

Integar

Answer 11

Also called an int, a whole number that isn’t written as a fraction or with a decimal point

Question 12

Floating-point number

Answer 12

Also called a float, a number that includes a decimal point

Question 13

Boolean

Answer 13

A binaroy variable with two possible values: true and false

Question 14

Concatenate

Answer 14

link (things) together in a chain or series

Question 15

List

Answer 15

An ordered collection of data in Python

Question 16

Dictionary

Answer 16

A collection of key-value pairs in Python

Question 17

Function

Answer 17

A block of code that describes a repeatable process or behavior

Question 17

Argument

Answer 17

A value or other input that is passed into a function

Question 18

Parameter

Answer 18

A placeholder variable listed in a function declaration

Question 19

Parameter list

Answer 19

The parameters that a function expects to be passed inside to the main body of the function when the function is called

Question 20

Determinate function

Answer 20

A function that will always return the same output for a given input

Question 21

Side Effect

Answer 21

Any observable thing that happens while a function is running

Question 22

Return statement

Answer 22

The main effect of a function, giving as a result whatever comes after the keyword return

Question 23

Control flow

Answer 23

Also called flow of execution, the tools provided by a programming language to conditionally determine which set of instructions runs

Example: if/elif/else and try/except

Question 24

logical operators

Answer 24

used to combine conditional statements `and, `or`, `not`

Question 25

conditional statement

Question 26

logical expression

Question 27

Loop

Answer 27

A construct that allows you to repeat a set of instructions a specific number of times, or until a specific condition is true.

Question 28

zero-indexed

Answer 28

means that the first element of a list (or any sequence) is accessed with the index `0`.

Question 29

instantiate

Answer 29

means to create an instance of an object or data structure. Example: When you create a list in Python, you are "----" ing a list object.

Question 30

Dependencies

Answer 30

Other modules that a package depends on to run properly

Question 31

Python object

Answer 31

A collection of attributes and methods

Question 32

Method

Answer 32

A function that is attached to an object as one of the object's attributes

Question 33

Attribute

Answer 33

A set of properties that belong to an object

Question 34

abstract base class (ABCs)

Answer 34

provide a way to define interfaces when other techniques like `hasattr()` would be clumsy. They introduce virtual subclasses, which are classes that don't in herit from a class but are still recognized in `isinstance()` and `issubclass()`

Question 35

numbers class

Answer 35

The root of the numeric hierarchy.

Question 36

abstraction

Answer 36

abstract category of objects

Question 37

API

Answer 37

Application Programing Interfaces are web services that website owners provide for users to request certain types of data from large databases that are frequently being updated.

Question 37

web scraping

Answer 37

basically glorified copying and pasting straight from the webpage, but you get the computer to do all of the work automatically.

Question 37

SQL data bases

Question 37

robots.txt

Answer 37

root page of a web site that states the rules for that site about scraping (add this after the main URL)

Question 37

Request

Answer 37

a query from the user to the web

Question 37

Response

Answer 37

What the web server returns as a result of the request

Question 38

Status code

Answer 38

A numeric code that the server sends in response with regard to the request's status

Question 39

Rate-limiting

Answer 39

A policy to limit the use of an API to a certain number of API requests over a period of time

Question 40

API key

Answer 40

An authorization code that is passed to an API request and identifies the requester

Question 41

JavaScript Object

Answer 41

JSON, a common data format used for API requests and responses that is easy for humans to read and write and easy for machines to parse and generate.

Question 42

Parameters

Answer 42

Arguments sent to the API that define the request and expected response

Question 43

Representational state transfer

Answer 43

REST, a set of constraints for building web APIs.

Question 44

Repository

Answer 44

(repo) is a storage location on platforms like GitHub where code, data, and project files are kept. It allows for version control, collaboration, and organization. Simply put it is like a folder on a platform like GitHub where you can store your project files and track changes. It helps you and others work together on the project.

Question 45

Parse

Answer 45

To take formatted data (such as a JSON object as a string) and convert it into a data structure that your programming language can use, like a dictionary in Python.

Question 46

Web scraping

Answer 46

The process of using a program to follow links, find data on pages, and download that dat for processing

Question 47

Web crawlers

Answer 47

Also called spiders, programs that have the ability to automatically follow links on web pages and parse the data on a web page

Question 48

NumPy

Answer 48

A library in Python that forms the basis for many other scientific computation libraries

Question 49

pandas

Answer 49

Short for Paython data analysis library, a Python library that's built on top of NumPy

Question 50

NumPyarray

Answer 50

A table of elements that are all of the same type

Question 51

DataFrame

Answer 51

A pandas data structure similar to spreadsheet

Question 52

Series

Answer 52

A single column in a pandas Data Frame