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Information Technology > Programming > Flashcards

Programming Flashcards

1
Q

An electronic device capable of performing complex computations in a short time.

A

Computer

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2
Q

A set of instructions for a computer, telling it what to do and how to behave.

A

Program

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3
Q

The craft of implementing one or more interrelated abstract algorithms using a particular programming language to produce a concrete computer program.

A

Programming

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4
Q

Consists of devices like the computer itself, the monitor, keyboard, printer, mouse, and speakers.

A

Hardware

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5
Q

Is the name given to the programs that you install on the computer to perform certain types of activities.

A

Software

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6
Q

The conversion of images, letters, and sounds to digital electrical signals.

A

Data Representation

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7
Q

Refers to a combination or sequence of “on” and “off” signals.

A

Digital Signal

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8
Q

The manipulation of “on” and “off” (digital electrical) signals.

A

Digital Electronics

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9
Q

Most computers are?, as opposed in analog devices

A

Digital

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10
Q

Works with discrete signals such as 0 and 1.

A

Digital Device

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11
Q

Works with continuous data.

A

Analog Device

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12
Q

Has two discrete states – on and off.

A

Traditional Light Switch

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13
Q

Has a rotating dial that controls a continuous range of brightness - from none (off) to full brightness.

A

Dimmer Switch

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14
Q

The “0” and “1” are also known as? (2)

A

Bits or Binary Digits

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15
Q

A 5-bit sequence or combination of “0” and “1” could be?

A

10011

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16
Q

The computer is using this system which uses only two digits: 0 and 1.

A

Binary Number System

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17
Q

This system uses ten symbols or numerals (0 – 9)

A

Decimal System

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18
Q

This system uses only two symbols (0 and 1)

A

Binary System

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19
Q

It can also be used to represent character data.

A

Bits

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20
Q

ASCII stands for?

A

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

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21
Q

It defines a set of characters that is displayed on screen.

A

ASCII

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22
Q

ASCII uses only how many bits for each character?

A

7/8

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23
Q

EBCDIC stands for?

A

Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code

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24
Q

It is an alternative 8-bit code used by older IBM mainframe computers.

A

EBCDIC

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25
Q

IBM stands for?

A

International Business Machine

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26
Q

It is an 8, 16, or 32-bit character encoding scheme that provides codes for 65,000 characters.

A

Unicode

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27
Q

This was developed to represent all the writing systems of the world.

A

Unicode

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28
Q

It makes use of a series of 0’s and 1’s to represent 256 characters

A

Extended ASCII

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29
Q

Is a contraction of binary digits.

A

Bits

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30
Q

The abbreviation for bit is a lowercase “b”, used when measuring what?

A

Transmission speed

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31
Q

Is a collection of bits (8 to be exact).

A

Byte

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32
Q

Unit “B” bytes is usually used in measuring what?

A

Capacity

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33
Q

What does Bits and bytes uses to indicate large values?

A

Prefixes

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34
Q

Is either via electronic switches or electronic charges.

A

Storage

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35
Q

Are either on or off while charging devices are either charged or discharged.

A

Electronic Switches

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36
Q

Machines that generate input for the computer, such as keyboard, and the mouse.

A

Input Devices

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37
Q

The central electronic chip that controls the processes in the computer.

A

Processor or CPU

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38
Q

CPU stands for?

A

Central Processing Unit

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39
Q

Machines that display information from the computer such as monitor, speaker, and printer.

A

Output Devices

40
Q

The part of the computer that stores applications, documents, and systems operating information.

A

Memory

41
Q

Is defined as a program or a set of instructions that tells the computer what to do.

A

Software

42
Q

Is anything that can be stored electronically.

A

Software

43
Q

An auxiliary set of instructions used in conjunction with the main software program.

A

Support Module

44
Q

Contains data (not supplied by the user) necessary for the execution of certain tasks.

A

Data Module

45
Q

Is used to accomplish specific tasks or specialized tasks.

A

Application Software

46
Q

Controls the basic operations of the computer such as saving files in a storage device, accepting input from a keyboard and executing programs.

A

System Software

47
Q

SDLC stands for?

A

Software Development Life Cycle

48
Q

A methodology that is typically used to develop, maintain, and replace information systems for improving the quality of the software design and development process.

A

SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle)

49
Q

The initial stage in the SDLC that has to be performed. This phase includes the information about the requirements of the proposed software.

A

Planning

50
Q

The first stage in SDLC, planning is also known as?

A

Feasibility study phase

51
Q

The second stage of SDLC which it requires the analyst to thoroughly study the current procedures or software used to execute tasks in an organization.

A

Analysis

52
Q

The main goal of analysis is?

A

To identify the requirements for new software or simply change several aspects in the current working software.

53
Q

Third stage of SDLC which the software developer converts the outcomes of the preceding stage into the software’s real design or standards.

A

Design

54
Q

The fourth stage of SDLC which is putting the proposed software into the test.

A

Implementation

55
Q

During Implementation phase, implementing the software will include (3) steps.

A

Coding
Testing
Installation

56
Q

This is the creation of the actual program.

A

Coding

57
Q

Both programmer and analyst submits the software to various quality ____? to discover if there are any bugs within the software.

A

Testing

58
Q

After coding and testing, the actual software must be completely replaces the old software, or what you call?

A

Installation

59
Q

The fifth stage of SDLC is used to make the necessary patches to remove found errors.

A

Maintenance

60
Q

Specifies what we want for the computer to do.

A

Problem Definition

61
Q

Looking at the problem itself; point of view of the computer; start with the input / output.

A

Problem Analysis

62
Q

This is an outline that breaks problems down into segments; strategy on how to do tasks.

A

Algorithm Development

63
Q

It removes errors.

A

Coding and Debugging

64
Q

A finite set of well-defined instructions for accomplishing a task, which, given an initial state, will result in a corresponding recognizable end-state.

A

Algorithm

65
Q

Can be implemented by computer programs, although often in restricted forms.

A

Algorithm/s

66
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF ALGORITHM (3)

A

Specify each step or instruction exactly.
There must be a finite number of steps.
There must be an output.

67
Q

Five phases of SDLC.

A

Planning
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Maintenance

68
Q

It cannot be compiled or executed, and there are no real formatting or syntax rules.

A

Pseudocode

69
Q

The shorthand way of describing a computer program.

A

Pseudocode

70
Q

A graphical representation of a sequence of operations.

A

Flowchart

71
Q

In programming, it contains symbols describing how an algorithm or program operates.

A

Flowchart

72
Q

It’s Indicated by directed lines to show the direction of data / control flow.

A

Flow Lines

73
Q

Ovals mark the start and end of a module, with the module name at the start and the end or exit, with one flow line entering and none exiting.

A

Terminal Block

74
Q

The hexagon is used for declaring / initializing variables. you can only use variables that have been initialized.

A

Initialization Block

75
Q

The rectangle indicates a processing block, for such things as calculations, opening and closing files, and so forth.

A

Process Block

76
Q

The parallelogram indicates general input and output operations.

A

Input/Output Block

77
Q

The diamond represents a decision with one entrance and two exits, labeled as true or false, and indicating when each exit point will be used.

A

Decision Block

78
Q

They are used for in-page connectors with uppercase letters using circle, while pentagons are used for off-page connectors with uppercase letters and a number, connecting adjacent or distant sections of a flowchart.

A

Connectors

79
Q

A shape that is used for in-page connectors.

A

Circles

80
Q

A shape that is used for off-page connectors.

A

Pentagons

81
Q

Are statements that result in a Boolean value.

A

Conditions

82
Q

A result that is either True or False.

A

Boolean Value

83
Q

It’s a logical expressions.

A

Conditions

84
Q

It evaluate to a Boolean value – either True or False.

A

Logical Expressions

85
Q

What is the two types of operators resulting in Boolean values?

A

Logical Operator
Relational Operator

86
Q

These are mainly used to control program flow. They are usually part of an IF, WHILE, and some other control statements.

A

Logical Operator

87
Q

What are the three basic logical operators that can be used for conditional statement?

A

AND
OR
NOT

88
Q

It compare two values and return a Boolean value depending on whether the test condition is True or False.

A

Relational Operator

89
Q

It can be used to compare two operands and determine the validity of a relationship.

A

Relational Operator

90
Q

An operator is used when either of the conditions is True.

A

OR

91
Q

An operator is used if you want a strict condition.

A

AND

92
Q

A structure that a decision box may not necessarily have to do something for both the True path and the False path.

A

Single Alternative Selection Structure

93
Q

Allows you to perform two different tasks depending on the result of the condition’s evaluation.

A

Dual Alternative Selection Structure

94
Q

It can oftentimes be combined into a single box. There are times, however, when you have to be very specific with the conditions that have to put in.

A

Multiple Decision Boxes

95
Q

A set of program instructions that executes repeatedly until a condition is satisfied.

A

Loop/ Looping Construct

96
Q

A structure that repeats one or more instructions until a certain condition is met.

A

Repetition structure

97
Q

Repetition Structure also referred to as? (2)

A

Loop
Iteration

Information Technology (2 decks)

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