Programming Flashcards
An electronic device capable of performing complex computations in a short time.
Computer
A set of instructions for a computer, telling it what to do and how to behave.
Program
The craft of implementing one or more interrelated abstract algorithms using a particular programming language to produce a concrete computer program.
Programming
Consists of devices like the computer itself, the monitor, keyboard, printer, mouse, and speakers.
Hardware
Is the name given to the programs that you install on the computer to perform certain types of activities.
Software
The conversion of images, letters, and sounds to digital electrical signals.
Data Representation
Refers to a combination or sequence of “on” and “off” signals.
Digital Signal
The manipulation of “on” and “off” (digital electrical) signals.
Digital Electronics
Most computers are?, as opposed in analog devices
Digital
Works with discrete signals such as 0 and 1.
Digital Device
Works with continuous data.
Analog Device
Has two discrete states – on and off.
Traditional Light Switch
Has a rotating dial that controls a continuous range of brightness - from none (off) to full brightness.
Dimmer Switch
The “0” and “1” are also known as? (2)
Bits or Binary Digits
A 5-bit sequence or combination of “0” and “1” could be?
10011
The computer is using this system which uses only two digits: 0 and 1.
Binary Number System
This system uses ten symbols or numerals (0 – 9)
Decimal System
This system uses only two symbols (0 and 1)
Binary System
It can also be used to represent character data.
Bits
ASCII stands for?
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
It defines a set of characters that is displayed on screen.
ASCII
ASCII uses only how many bits for each character?
7/8
EBCDIC stands for?
Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
It is an alternative 8-bit code used by older IBM mainframe computers.
EBCDIC
IBM stands for?
International Business Machine
It is an 8, 16, or 32-bit character encoding scheme that provides codes for 65,000 characters.
Unicode
This was developed to represent all the writing systems of the world.
Unicode
It makes use of a series of 0’s and 1’s to represent 256 characters
Extended ASCII
Is a contraction of binary digits.
Bits
The abbreviation for bit is a lowercase “b”, used when measuring what?
Transmission speed
Is a collection of bits (8 to be exact).
Byte
Unit “B” bytes is usually used in measuring what?
Capacity
What does Bits and bytes uses to indicate large values?
Prefixes
Is either via electronic switches or electronic charges.
Storage
Are either on or off while charging devices are either charged or discharged.
Electronic Switches
Machines that generate input for the computer, such as keyboard, and the mouse.
Input Devices
The central electronic chip that controls the processes in the computer.
Processor or CPU
CPU stands for?
Central Processing Unit
Machines that display information from the computer such as monitor, speaker, and printer.
Output Devices
The part of the computer that stores applications, documents, and systems operating information.
Memory
Is defined as a program or a set of instructions that tells the computer what to do.
Software
Is anything that can be stored electronically.
Software
An auxiliary set of instructions used in conjunction with the main software program.
Support Module
Contains data (not supplied by the user) necessary for the execution of certain tasks.
Data Module
Is used to accomplish specific tasks or specialized tasks.
Application Software
Controls the basic operations of the computer such as saving files in a storage device, accepting input from a keyboard and executing programs.
System Software
SDLC stands for?
Software Development Life Cycle
A methodology that is typically used to develop, maintain, and replace information systems for improving the quality of the software design and development process.
SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle)
The initial stage in the SDLC that has to be performed. This phase includes the information about the requirements of the proposed software.
Planning
The first stage in SDLC, planning is also known as?
Feasibility study phase
The second stage of SDLC which it requires the analyst to thoroughly study the current procedures or software used to execute tasks in an organization.
Analysis
The main goal of analysis is?
To identify the requirements for new software or simply change several aspects in the current working software.
Third stage of SDLC which the software developer converts the outcomes of the preceding stage into the software’s real design or standards.
Design
The fourth stage of SDLC which is putting the proposed software into the test.
Implementation
During Implementation phase, implementing the software will include (3) steps.
Coding
Testing
Installation
This is the creation of the actual program.
Coding
Both programmer and analyst submits the software to various quality ____? to discover if there are any bugs within the software.
Testing
After coding and testing, the actual software must be completely replaces the old software, or what you call?
Installation
The fifth stage of SDLC is used to make the necessary patches to remove found errors.
Maintenance
Specifies what we want for the computer to do.
Problem Definition
Looking at the problem itself; point of view of the computer; start with the input / output.
Problem Analysis
This is an outline that breaks problems down into segments; strategy on how to do tasks.
Algorithm Development
It removes errors.
Coding and Debugging
A finite set of well-defined instructions for accomplishing a task, which, given an initial state, will result in a corresponding recognizable end-state.
Algorithm
Can be implemented by computer programs, although often in restricted forms.
Algorithm/s
CHARACTERISTICS OF ALGORITHM (3)
Specify each step or instruction exactly.
There must be a finite number of steps.
There must be an output.
Five phases of SDLC.
Planning
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Maintenance
It cannot be compiled or executed, and there are no real formatting or syntax rules.
Pseudocode
The shorthand way of describing a computer program.
Pseudocode
A graphical representation of a sequence of operations.
Flowchart
In programming, it contains symbols describing how an algorithm or program operates.
Flowchart
It’s Indicated by directed lines to show the direction of data / control flow.
Flow Lines
Ovals mark the start and end of a module, with the module name at the start and the end or exit, with one flow line entering and none exiting.
Terminal Block
The hexagon is used for declaring / initializing variables. you can only use variables that have been initialized.
Initialization Block
The rectangle indicates a processing block, for such things as calculations, opening and closing files, and so forth.
Process Block
The parallelogram indicates general input and output operations.
Input/Output Block
The diamond represents a decision with one entrance and two exits, labeled as true or false, and indicating when each exit point will be used.
Decision Block
They are used for in-page connectors with uppercase letters using circle, while pentagons are used for off-page connectors with uppercase letters and a number, connecting adjacent or distant sections of a flowchart.
Connectors
A shape that is used for in-page connectors.
Circles
A shape that is used for off-page connectors.
Pentagons
Are statements that result in a Boolean value.
Conditions
A result that is either True or False.
Boolean Value
It’s a logical expressions.
Conditions
It evaluate to a Boolean value – either True or False.
Logical Expressions
What is the two types of operators resulting in Boolean values?
Logical Operator
Relational Operator
These are mainly used to control program flow. They are usually part of an IF, WHILE, and some other control statements.
Logical Operator
What are the three basic logical operators that can be used for conditional statement?
AND
OR
NOT
It compare two values and return a Boolean value depending on whether the test condition is True or False.
Relational Operator
It can be used to compare two operands and determine the validity of a relationship.
Relational Operator
An operator is used when either of the conditions is True.
OR
An operator is used if you want a strict condition.
AND
A structure that a decision box may not necessarily have to do something for both the True path and the False path.
Single Alternative Selection Structure
Allows you to perform two different tasks depending on the result of the condition’s evaluation.
Dual Alternative Selection Structure
It can oftentimes be combined into a single box. There are times, however, when you have to be very specific with the conditions that have to put in.
Multiple Decision Boxes
A set of program instructions that executes repeatedly until a condition is satisfied.
Loop/ Looping Construct
A structure that repeats one or more instructions until a certain condition is met.
Repetition structure
Repetition Structure also referred to as? (2)
Loop
Iteration
