Program Review-Professional Issues Flashcards
Cost-Benefit analysis(CBA) involves comparing the costs and benefits of an intervention in monetary terms. This method may be used to evaluate a single intervention or compare 2 or more interventions. A difficulty with CBA is that it may be difficult to assign_______to an intervention’s outcomes.
a monetary value
Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is useful when the interventions to be compared have similar goals BUT it is not possible to assign a monetary value to the outcomes. When using CEA, costs are expressed in monetary terms BUT OUTCOMES are expressed in_____________.
**DATA are then used to calculate COST-EFFECTIVENESS RATIOS that can be compared to determine which intervention has the GREATEST EFFECT per dollar spent.
measureable(but nonmonetary) terms such as the number of clients who drop out of therapy prematurely or score on a measure of symptom severity.
Cost-utility analysis(CUA) involves evaluating ALTERNATIVE interventions by comparing their costs with the value of their outcomes in terms of__________.
healthy years of life–e.g., in terms of “quality-adjusted life years” (QALYs), which combines measures of gain in the quantity(duration) and quality of life.
Cost-feasibility analysis(CFA) is used to evaluate the feasibility of one or more interventions on the basis of the monetary and other resources they would require. The purpose of CFA is to determine if an intervention is_______. CFA does not take into account the outcomes of an intervention.
worth considering
Cost-minimization analysis(CMA) is used to determine the least costly option that produces _________.
equivalent outcomes
EX: CMA could be used to determine if paraprofessionals can provide mental health services that are not only comparable to those provided by professionals but also at a lower cost.
Cost-offset analysis also known as medical cost offset when it is used to determine the reduction in medical costs obtained by providing ________or other non-medical intervention.It involves comparing the costs incurred when implementing the intervention with the medical costs saved as a result of implementation.
mental health
in general, research confirms that providing psychotherapy or other psychological intervention results in substantial medical cost offset (e.g., Chiles et el., 1999).
The psychology licensing boards protect the public by determining the_____into the profession and monitoring the performance of licensed psychologists. The EPPP is designed to assist the boards in evaluating the qualifications of applicants for licensure by assessing the____that has been identified as foundational to the competent practice of psychology.
standards for admission
knowledge
_____is a legal concept that serves as the basis for a criminal defense in many jurisdictions, while______refers to a defendant;s ability to consult with his/her lawyer with a “reasonable degree of rational understanding.”
Insanity
competence to stand trial
A____witness testifies to what he/she has seen, heard, or observed regarding an event or occurrence and is usually not allowed to offer an opinion, while an_____ witness is qualified by the court based on his/her expertise to offer opinions and respond to hypothetical situations.
Fact
Expert
For a person to bring a claim of malpractice, four conditions must be met: First, the psychologist must have had a professional relationship with the person that established a________.Second, there must be a demonstrable_____that the psychologist has breached. Third, the person suffered harm or injury. And, fourth, the psychologist’s breach of duty was the ______ of the person’s harm or injury.
duty of care
standard of care
proximate cause
The first step when responding to a subpoena is to determine if it is______. If so, a formal response is required and the psychologist should contact the client to discuss the implications of providing the requested information and obtain the client’s consent. If the client does not consent and the requesting party continues to demand that the information be provided, the psychologist can have his/her attorney file a motion to quash the subpoena or a motion for a ________.
legally valid
protective order
When a request for confidential client information arises for the first time in court or at a deposition, the psychologist may assert the _________.
psychotherapist-patient privilege
Studies on sexual misconduct by psychotherapists have found that male therapists engage in sexual relationships with clients more often than female therapists do, that the clients they become involved with are most often female, and that these male therapists are typically______than the female clients. The research has also found that therapists reporting sexual boundary violations were also more likely to report being involved in _____crossings.
older
non-sexual boundary
HIPAA’s______provides minimum standards for the access and use of a patient’s health information and distinguishes between protected health information and psychotherapy notes. It takes precedence over state law only when the state law provides patients with less control over their health records but it is superseded by state law when the law is more_____.
privacy rule
stringent
