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Health Promotion > Program Planning > Flashcards

Program Planning Flashcards

1
Q

Whose support do you need the most

A

Top dogs

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2
Q

Who should you involve in planning

A

Recipients of the program

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3
Q

What should the rationale be specific to

A

The organization

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4
Q

What are stakeholders most concerned with

A

Protecting human resources

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5
Q

What are benefits of a program for the stakeholders

A

Cut costs for chronic diseases

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6
Q

What merits should you focus on

A

Those that match the values of the stakeholders

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7
Q

2 steps in creating a rationale

A

Needs/ social asessment

Epidemiological data

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8
Q

What could be some problems about asking people about their programs

A

Bias

May not tell you about the problems

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9
Q

Goal of needs assessment

A

Have a list of defined, prioritized problems needs and aspirations of the target population

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10
Q

4 things to identify in a needs assessment

A

Most significant health problem
Organizations capacity to solve problem
Most promising interventions
Communitys strengths, resources and assets

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11
Q

2 types of needs

A

Service needs

Service demands

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12
Q

Service needs

A

Problems and solutions deemed suitable by health professionals

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13
Q

Service demands

A

Problems and solutions deemed suitable by the people

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14
Q

Pros and cons of secondary data

A

Already available, inexpensive, time saving

May not be reliable and may not identify needs of target population

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15
Q

High Risk Strategies

A

People at high risk of a certain disease are targeted to receive health intervention

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16
Q

4 adavantages of high risk strategies

A

Appropriate for person receiving it
Motivation of practitioners and patients
Financial sensibility
Benefits are favorable over risks

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17
Q

4 disadvantages of high risk strategies

A

Medicalization of prevention
Results are palliative and temporary
Behavioural insufficiencies
Difficult to predict impact on entire population

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18
Q

Population based strategies

A

Targets entire population to decrease disease incidence and overall risk factors

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19
Q

What is the goal of population based strategies

A

To change behaviour and practices of the entire population

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20
Q

3 advantages of population based strategies

A

Radical- find root cause and erradicate it
Powerful potential for health gains
Behaviourally appropriate- works with social norms

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21
Q

2 limitations of population based approaches

A

Benefits are minimal to individuals

Lack of motivation for patients and practitioners

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22
Q

When do we use population based strategies

A

When the health problem has permeated the entire population

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23
Q

Health Promotion

A

Enabling people to increase control over and improve their health

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24
Q

What was motivational interviewing initially intended for

A

addictions

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25
Q

7 components in the spirit of motivational interviewing

A

Motivation to change from the client and isnt imposed
Clients task to articulate and resolve ambivalence
Direct persuasion is not effective
Counselling style is quiet and elicting
Counsellor is directive
Readiness to change is a fluctuating product of interpersonal interaction
Therapeutic relationship is more like a partnership

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26
Q

Guiding principles of motivational interviewing (RULE)

A

R- resisting the righting reflex
U- understand clients motivation
L- listen with empathy
E- empower your client

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27
Q

Co- active coaching

A

Coach and client are equal collaborators- help people help themselves

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28
Q

4 components of coaching

A

Client is naturally creative, resourceful and whole
Co- active coaching addresses the clients whole life
Agenda comes from the client
Aim is to evoke transformation

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29
Q

3 assumptions about clients

A

They have the answers or can find them
Dont need to fix the client
Often barriers to accessing answers

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30
Q

Coach’s role

A

Work with the client to deepen their learning and forward their action

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31
Q

Coach/ client relationship

A

Client gives and takes form relationship but coach only gives

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32
Q

Self- discolure

A

Alleviates psychological distress after traumatic events

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33
Q

What part of the brain does self discolsure stimulate

A

Mesolimbic dopamine system that responds to rewards

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34
Q

4 steps in creating a rationale

A

Identify appropriate background information
Title rationale
Write Content
List references

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35
Q

What is the first step in creating a rationale

A

Conducting a needs assessment

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36
Q

Cost- benefit analysis

A

Yield dollar benefit received from dollars invested

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37
Q

Return on investment

A

Costs of benefit versus the financial return

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38
Q

Evidence based practice

A

Find, appraise and use evidence as basis for decision making

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39
Q

What should you write first in the rationale

A

Identify health problem from a global (macro) perspective

Include economic costs

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40
Q

Problem Statement

A

Concise explanation of issue to be addressed

Why is it a problem and why should it be dealt with

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41
Q

Social Math

A

Translating statistics and data so it is interesting and meaningful to your audience

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42
Q

What are the last things to write in the rationale

A

Propose a solution

Explain why the program will be successful

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43
Q

10 planning committee guidelines

A

Represent variety of subgroups within population
Include somebody with the health problem
People interested in seeing program succeed
Include key person in organization sponsoring program
Representatives of other stakeholders
Committee membership reevaluated regularly
Periodically add new members
Be aware of the politics
Large enough to get work done, small to reach consensus
Multiple layers and subgroups

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44
Q

Institutionalized

A

Program becomes embedded in organization and is sustained and durable

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45
Q

Organizational Culture

A

Establishing a health supporting culture

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46
Q

Need

A

Difference between present situation and more desirable one

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47
Q

Needs Assessment

A

Identifying, analyzing and prioritizing needs of population to implement solution strategies

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48
Q

What is the most important step in planning

A

Needs Assessment

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49
Q

Capacity

A

Individual, organizational and community resources that enable community to take action

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50
Q

Community Capacity

A

Characteristics of the community that affect ability to identify, mobilize and address social and public health issues

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51
Q

2 situations when needs assessment is not conducted

A

One conducted recently for a similar program- limited resources
Funding agency deals with only one specific need

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52
Q

Categorical Funds

A

Mist be used for dealing with a specific disease

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53
Q

Capacity Building

A

Activities that enhance the resources of individuals, organizations, communities to improve their effectiveness and take action

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54
Q

Interactive contact methods

A

Primary data

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55
Q

No contact methods

A

Secondary data

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56
Q

Single Step Survey

A

Gather primary data from groups or individuals with a single contact

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57
Q

Self Report

A

Answering questions about themselves

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58
Q

Advantage of Single Step Survey

A

Quick to administer and requires little interpretation

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59
Q

Bias

A

Distorted because of how data was collected

60
Q

Proxy Measure

A

Provides evidence that behaviour has occured when direct data can not be collected

61
Q

3 sources of proxy measure

A

Significant others
Opinion leaders
Key Informants

62
Q

Opinion leaders

A

Well respected in the community and can accurately represent the views of the priority population – highly visible

63
Q

Key Informant

A

Strategically placed individuals in the community with knowledge and ability to report on needs of priority population

64
Q

Most often used method of collecting self report data

A

Questionnaires

65
Q

Pros and cons of questionnaires

A

Reach large amount of respondants in short time period, low cost
Low response rate

66
Q

Pros and cons of interviews

A

Time consuming, training required

Gain more complete data and response rate is high

67
Q

Random Digit Dialing

A

Phone number combinations are chosen at random

68
Q

Group Interview

A

Gather information from many respondants at once but people may influence each others answers

69
Q

Multistep survey

A

People provide data on more than one occasion

70
Q

Delphi technique

A

Generates consensus through series of questionnaires delivered by mail or electronically

71
Q

Community Forum

A

Brings people together to discuss problems and needs

72
Q

Problem with community forum

A

Silent majority are unheard and the vocal people’s opinions are then considered to be true for the entire population

73
Q

Focus Group

A

8- 12 people share opinions about an issue

74
Q

Nominal Group Process

A

Few knowledgeable representatives record answers first and then read responses allowed

75
Q

Minimal contact method

A

Observation

76
Q

Observation

A

Notice taken of an indicator

77
Q

Obtrusive Observation

A

People know they are being observed and behavior may change

78
Q

Observer bias

A

Different observers interpret events differently

79
Q

Windshield Tour

A

Slowly driving through a neighbourhood to look for health indicators

80
Q

Participatory Data Collection

A

People in population participate in data colellection

81
Q

Photovoice

A

People use cameras to convey their own meaning of community strengths and weaknesses

82
Q

Health Risk Appraisal

A

Estimate odds that a person with certain characteristics will die from selected causes within a given time span

83
Q

Governement agency data

A

Agencies collect data on a regular basis. Free access

84
Q

Existing records

A

Collected as a by product of service efforts. May have difficulty gaining access

85
Q

PsycINFO

A

Psychological literature from 1800s- present. Focus on behavioural science and mental health

86
Q

Medline

A

Bibliographic database covering life science and biomedicine

87
Q

CINAHL

A

Cumulative index to nursing and applied health literature

88
Q

ETHXWeb

A

Covers ethics, legal and public policy issues

89
Q

6 steps in conducting a needs assessment

A 
Determine purpose and scope
Gather data
Analyze data
Identify risk factors of health problem
Identify program focus
Validate the need
90
Q

Community Assessment

A

Collect wide range of data, compare importance of problems and set priorities

91
Q

Basic Priority Rating Model

A

Rate 4 different components of needs and insert them into a formula to determine rating between 0 and 100

92
Q

4 rating components in BPR

A

A- size of problem
B- seriousness of problem
C- Effectiveness of possible interventions
D- PEARL

93
Q

What does PEARL stand for in BPR

A 
Propriety
Economics
Acceptability
Resources
Legality
94
Q

BPR formula

A

(A+B)C/ 3 x D

95
Q

Treatment

A

Activities that permit the most effective and efficient achievement of outcomes

96
Q

Intervention

A

Theory based strategy that priority population will be exposed to

97
Q

Multiplicity

A

Number of activities that will make up the intervention

98
Q

Dose

A

Number of program units delivered

99
Q

Strategy

A

General plan of action for affecting health problem

100
Q

6 types of strategies

A 
Health communication
Health education
Health policy/ enforcement
Environmental change
Health- related community service
Community Mobilization
101
Q

Health communication

A

Study and use of communication strategies to inform and influence individual and community decisions affecting health

102
Q

Why are health communication strategies presented first

A

All HP programs include some form of communication
Highest penetration rate
Cost effective

103
Q

Penetration Rate

A

Number in priority population exposed

104
Q

4 components of the Multidirectional Communication Model

A 
Sender (Top down) messages
Consumer created (bottom up)
Consumer shared (side to side)
Consumers seeking information
105
Q

4 types of communication channels

A

Intrapersonal- one on one
Intrapersonal- small groups
Community/ organization
Mass media

106
Q

Tailoring

A

Information or strategies intended to reach a specific person

107
Q

Personalizing

A

Putting recipients name in the message

108
Q

Targeting

A

Providing standardized information to a segmented group

109
Q

2 ways to deliver health education through telephone

A

Individual initiated

Outreach

110
Q

Health Coaching

A

Using health assessment results, a coach assists client in identifying health enhancing goals and motivates them

111
Q

4 unique characteristics of social media

A

Consumer generated, organized and distributed
Information can be revised and updated immediately
Low cost for creation and maintenance
Entertaining to use

112
Q

5 adult learning principles

A

Know why they are learning
Motivated to learn by need to solve problems
Previous experience is respected and built upon
Learning approaches that match background and diversity
Actively involved in learning process

113
Q

POST

A

People, objectives, strategy , technology

Used for interventions including social media

114
Q

Health Literacy

A

Degree that people have the capacity to obtain and understand health information and services to make appropriate health decisions

115
Q

What grade level should you write in when presenting health information

A

Grade 6

116
Q

Health Education

A

Planned learning experiences designed to predispose, enable and reinforce voluntary health behaviours

117
Q

Curriculum

A

Planned set of lessons designed to lead to competence in an area of study

118
Q

Scope

A

Breadth and depth of material covered in a curriculum

119
Q

5 stages of health education application

A 
Gain attention
Present stimulus material
Provide guidance
Elicit performance and provide feedback
Enhance retention and transfer
120
Q

Health policy startegies

A

Mandated and regulated

121
Q

Antistatist Beliefs

A

Less concerned about what government does to benefit people and more concerned about what they are doing to control poeple

122
Q

Problem with health policy strategies

A

They do not allow the voluntary behavior that is conducive to health

123
Q

Block’s 6 phases of policy making

A 
Agenda setting
Policy formulation
Policy adoption
Implementation
Policy Assessment
Policy Modification
124
Q

Environmental change strategies

A

Creating health enhancing environments

125
Q

Health related community service strategies

A

Reduce barriers to obtaining health services and treatments

126
Q

Community Mobilization startegies

A

Take action of shared concerns by particapatory decision making and empowerment

127
Q

2 sub categories of community mobilization

A

Community organization and building

Community Advocacy

128
Q

Community Organization

A

Community groups are helped to identify common problems, mobilize resources and implement strategies to reach collective goals

129
Q

Community Building

A

Orientation to community that is strength based rather than needs based and celebrates community assets

130
Q

Community Advocacy

A

People become involved in the institutions and decisions that will have an impact on their lives

131
Q

Health Advocacy

A

Actions attempt to bring about social, environmental and organizational change on behalf of a particular goal, program or population

132
Q

Seven ways of advocating for health

A 
Influencing voting behavior
Electioneering
Direct lobbying
Integrating grassroots lobbying into direct lobbying efforts
Using internet
Media advocacy
Acting as a resource person
133
Q

Behaviour modification

A

Systematic procedure for changing behaviour based on stimulus response and social cognitive theories

134
Q

Organizational Culture Activities

A

Change cultural norms of the community

135
Q

Cultural audit

A

Evaluation of values, norms and cultural characteristics of an organization to determine if they support or hinder goals

136
Q

5 influences on organization’s health supporting culture

A 
Shaping cultural health values
Shaping cultural health norms
Use cultural touch points
Encourage peer support
Build a supportive cultural climate for wellness
137
Q

Incentives

A

Anticipated desirable reward designed to influence behaviour

138
Q

2 types of incentives

A

Financial

Non financial

139
Q

Disincentives

A

Anticipated negative consequence designed to influence behaviour

140
Q

HIPAA

A

Make it illegal for employees to discriminate based on health status

141
Q

GINA

A

Prohibits discrimination in healthcare coverage and employment based on genetics

142
Q

5 criteria for developing interventions

A 
Address one or more modifiable and preventable risk factors 
Consider uniqueness of target population
Effectively reduce risk factors
Make optimum use of available resources
Operation and effects can be evaluated
143
Q

What factors should interventions focus on

A

Behavioural and environmental

144
Q

Best Practices

A

Existing interventions that have been evaluated

145
Q

Best Experience

A

Existing interventions that have not been evaluated

146
Q

Bets Processes

A

Creating an original intervention

147
Q

Segmenting

A

Dividing population into smaller groups with similar characteristics

Health Promotion (3 decks)

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