Implementing Programs Flashcards
1
Q
6 components of Community
A
Sense of membership, identity and belonging
Common symbol systems of language and rituals
Shared values and norms
Mutual influence
Shared needs
Shared emotional connection through history, experiences and support
2
Q
Where does the term community organization come from
A
Social work literature
3
Q
Community Organization
A
Communities are helped to identify problems or goals, mobilize resources and develop and implement strategies for reaching collectively set goals
4
Q
Purpose of community organization
A
Enrichment, development and change of social institutions
5
Q
Challenges of community organization
A
No longer feel community oriented as a society
6
Q
7 assumptions of community organizations
A
Community can develop capacity to deal with own problems
People want and can change
People should play active roles in major community changes
Self imposed changes work better
Hollistic approach through varying interests is better
Democracy requires involvement and makes change more viable
Help is often needs to mobilize communities
7
Q
10 steps in community organization
A
Recognize issue Gain entry in community Organize the poeple Assess community Determine priorities and set goals Arrive at solution and pick a strategy Implement, evaluate, maintain Loop back
8
Q
Who are the ones to set priorities and goals
A
Stakeholders
9
Q
Bottom up
A
Initiated by community
10
Q
Who do you gain buy in from
A
Opinion leaders and gate keepers
11
Q
3 Advantages of internal personnel
A
Reduced cost
Internal arrangements can be made to free work schedules
More control over those involved
12
Q
3 disadvantages of internal personnel
A
Limited by interest and ability of staff
May have limited expertise
More time planning than implementing
13
Q
4 Advantages of external personnel
A
Known expertise
They can conduct program
Can request program guarantees
Have resources and sophisticated tools
14
Q
3 disadvantages of external personnel
A
More costly
Subject to vendor limitations
Less control over program
15
Q
Resources
A
All people and things required to carry out program
16
Q
Who secures the necessary resources
A
Planners
17
Q
Personnel
A
Those who carry out the program
18
Q
2 types of personnel
A
Internal and external
19
Q
Internal Personnel
A
People within organization or target population
20
Q
External Personnel
A
Consultants
21
Q
Who is the market in social marketing
A
Target population
22
Q
Marketing
A
Planned attempt to influence the characteristics of voluntary exchange transactions of costs and benefits between buyers and sellers
23
Q
Social Marketing
A
Application of commercial marketing technologies to programs designed to influence behaviour and increase welfare
24
Q
What is the focus of social marketing
A
Non tangible products
25
Intention of social marketing
Bring about adoption or acceptance of practices in a population
26
5 groups of adopters of innovation
```
Innovators
Early adopters
Early majority
Late majority
Late adopters
```
27
Percentages of adopters in population
```
I- 2%
EA- 14%
EM- 34%
LM- 34%
LA- 16%
```
28
Innovators
Venturesome, independant and daring- want to try something first
29
Which kind of innovation adopters are opinion leaders?
Early adopters
30
Early adopters
Interested in program but more cautious than innovators
31
Early majority
Interested in program but need a push
32
Late Majority
Skeptical about program
33
Late adopters
Not interested and suspicious about change and the program
34
How do you reach innovators and early adopters
Mass media
35
How do you reach the early majority
External motivation
36
How do you reach the late majority
Constant exposure and mentoring
37
Marketing Mix
Product
Price
Placement
Promotion
38
Implementation
Initiating the activity, providing assistance, problem solving and reporting progress
39
5 stages in implementation
```
Adoption of the program
Identifying and prioritizing tasks
Establishing a system of management
Putting plans into action
Ending or sustaining program
```
40
3 implementation strategies
Pilot test
Phase in
Total program
41
Pilot test
Program on small scale
42
Phase In
Phase program into larger segments of the population
43
Total Program
Very dangerous without a pilot test to make changes
44
5 components of informed consent
```
Explain nature and purpose of program
Inform of any dangers or risks
Explain benefits of participation
Inform of similar programs that will accomplish the same thing
Know they can stop at any time
```
45
Commision
Doing something you shouldn't
46
Ommision
Not doing something you should
47
Locality Development
Most like community development. Seeks change through broad self help participation from local community. Process oriented
48
Social planning
Task oriented. Focused on rational empirical problem solving usually by an outside expert
49
Social Action
Both process and task oriented. Increasing community's problem solving ability and reduce imbalance between disadvantaged group and larger society
50
What should the planner's role be
Facilitator or assistant
51
Where should the leader come from
Within the community
52
When do you not need to gain entry into community
When the issue was citizen initiated
53
Gatekeepers
People you must pass through to gain access to people of the community
54
Cultural humility
Openness to other's cultures
55
Who should you organize first
People who are interested in addressing the concern
56
Executive participants
Small core group of people committed to problem resolution
57
3 types of attributes of successful organizers
Change vision attributes
Technical skills
Interactional and experience skills
58
Change vision attributes
See a need for change and are dedicated and committed to seeing change occur
59
Technical skills
Related to efficacy on issues and organizational health and effectiveness
60
Interactional and experience skills
Respond with empathy, to assess and intervene with people and identify and maintain organizational members and leaders
61
Active participants
Take part in activities and are not afraid to get work done
62
Occasional participants
Involved irregularly and only when major decisions are being made
63
Supporting participants
Seldom involved but swell ranks and contribute in non active ways
64
Task force
Self contained group of doers brought together due to strong interest in an issue
65
Coalition
Formal alliance of organizations that come together to work towards a common goal
66
Purpose of coalition
Collaboration so collective resources have a better chance of solving the problem
67
Key to maintaining coalitions
Having a champion, supportive organizational home and technical assistance and resources
68
Difference between community organization and building
CO is focused on needs of community
| CB is focused on assets and capabilities of community
69
Mapping community capacity
Categorize assets into three groups based on availability to community
70
Primary Building Blocks
Most accessible assets. Located in the neighbourhood and under control of people who live in the neighbourhood
71
Secondary Building Blocks
Located in neighbourhood but controlled by outside people
72
Potential Building Blocks
Originate and are controlled from outside the community
73
2 phases of goal setting
Identify group priorities
| Use priority list to write goals
74
Stakeholders
Those in the community who have something to gain or lose form community organization or building
75
Turf Struggles
Disagreement over control of resources and responsibilities
76
5 criteria for priorities and goals
Winnable
Simple and specific
Unite and involve members of organizing group
Affect many people and build the community
Part of the larger plan to enhance the community
77
Horizontal relationships
Interaction of local units with one another
78
Vertical relationships
Local units interact with extra- community systems
79
Formative evaluation
Measurement of the process used to improve quality of action
80
Summative evaluation
Comparing outcomes to earlier stated goals
81
Flex time
Time put into the program during a work day as long as the regular amount of work hours are completed
82
Why is it good for people to put their own time into the program
Increase ownership
83
Vendors
Companies that offer or sell programs, services or consulting to groups conducting health promotion programs
84
Technical Assistance
Individuals with specific knowledge or skills share their expertise via advice and training
85
How to recruit volunteers
Mass media
86
Team
Small group with complementary skills, committed to a common purpose to which they hold themselves mutually accountable
87
Ideal number for a team
5-12
88
5 stages of developing a group
Forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning
89
Forming
Members meet and agree on a goal to work towrads
90
Storming
Different opinions about goals, tasks and responsibilities
91
Norming
Understand roles, intensify cohesion and interdependance
92
Performing
Constructive action
93
Adjourning
Reached goal so group either disbands or continues
94
5 behavioural characteristics of effective teams
```
Cohesive
Selecting high performance norms
Cooperation
Interdependence
Trust
```
95
Cultural competance
Set of values, behaviours and attitudes that enable health professionals to work across racially and linguistically diverse populations
96
In house materials
Having someone else develop custom materials
97
SAM
Suitability assessment of materials instrument
98
Canned program
Developed outside the group. Includes basic components and material needed for program
99
5 components of a canned program
```
Participant manual
Instructor manual
Audiovisual materials
Training for instructors
Marketing
```
100
Sliding scale Fee
The less one's income, the less the participant fee
101
Third party
Someone other than participants and planners pays for the program
102
Memorandum of Understanding
Document describing general agreement between parties but does not amount to a substantive contract
103
Grant
Award of financial assistance to carry out a specific purpose
104
Gift
Money or items given voluntarily without compensation in return
105
In- Kind Contributions
Non- monetary gifts
106
Soft money
Given for a specific period of time and at some point will no longer be recieved
107
Hard money
Ongoing source of funds that is part of the opertaing budget
108
4 types of grant makers
Foundations, corporations, voluntary agencies, government
109
Seed dollars
Start up money
110
Who is the largest grant maker
Government
111
Full time equivalant
Divide average number of hours worked per week by the average number worked by a full time employee
112
Social Marketing
Design programs that facilitate voluntary behavior change for improved personal and societal well being
113
Commercial marketing
Processes for creating and delivering value to customers
114
What is at the centre of decisions in social marketing
Priority population
115
What is at the centre of decisions in consumer maketing
Financial outcomes that benefit organization and stakeholders
116
Market
Set of all people who have an actual or potential interest in a product or service
117
Exchange
Seller's goal is to make it possible for consumers to get a product and its benefits at a reasonable price and with minimal effort
118
Consumer orientation
All marketing related program decisions are based on population and its preferences
119
Formative research
Know enough about priority population that a product can be created to meet consumer needs and provide valued benefit
120
4 components of formative research
Consumer analysis
Market analysis
Channel analysis
Identify competition
121
Segmentation
Divide population into smaller more homogenous groups of people who will respond to the intervention in the same way
122
How should you start segmentation
Review formative research data to identify behaviors that influence whether people experience morbidity or mortality associated with health topic
123
5 criteria to selecting a segment to focus on
```
Measurable
Substantial
Accessible
Differentiable
Actionable
```
124
Diffusion Theory
Pattern of adoption of innovation in a population
125
Product
What planners are offering that will meet needs
126
Core products
Benefits associated with using product
127
Price
Financial or non financial costs to obtain product and benefits
128
Place
Where population has access to product
129
4 purposes of promotion
Inform
Persuade
Reinforce
Differentiate
130
Direct marketing
Communicating directly with consumers
131
Personal selling
Person to person interaction to persuade customer to buy product
132
Brand
Feature that identifies one seller's product as distict form another
133
Logic Model
Visual way to represent understanding of relationships among resources you have to run your program
134
3 components of the logic model
Inputs (Resources)
Outputs (Activities)
Outcomes
135
4 things to include in a logic model
Purpose of program
Context and conditions under which program will be offered
Associated assumptions with the planned program
External factors that could effect success
Description of evaluation
136
Implementation
Converting planning into action through administrative structure, management, policies and organizational action
137
3 stages of program diffusion
Implementation
Adoption
Sustainability
138
Task Development Timeline
Visually represent tasks that need to be completed and the timeframe
139
Gantt Chart
Does the same thing as the task development timeline plus provides different size lines to show difference between projected timeline and progress made
140
PERT
Program evaluation and review technique
141
2 components of PERT
Diagram
| Timetable
142
2 advantages of total program implementation
More people involved
| Evaluation more meaningful
143
2 Disadvantages of total program implementation
Big Committment
| No chance to test program
144
2 advantages of phase in
Easier to cope with workload
| Gradual investment
145
Disadvantage of phase in
Fewer people involved
146
2 advantages of pilot test
Opportunity to test program
| Close control of program
147
2 Disadvantage sof pilot test
Very few people involved
| Hard to generlaize results
148
Critical path method
Graphical view of project and predicts time required to complete
149
Management
Assembling and using resources in a goal directed manner in an organizational setting
150
3 types of skills needed by managers
Technical
Interpersonal
Conceptual
151
4 functions of human resource management
Planning
Acquisition
Development
Sanction
152
Accounting
Recording transactions and interpreting effects on program budget
153
Fiscla year
Funding year either running from Jan 1- Dec 31 or from July 1- June 30
154
Fiscal accountability
Extent to which resources are managed according to budget
155
Audit
Review that financial reports are accurate and standard accounting procedures are being used-- to investigate fraud
156
Technical resources
All other resources that are not human or financial
157
What literature is used to guide ethical practice
Code of ethics for the health education profession
158
3 fundamental principles of the Belmont Report
Respect for persons
Beneficence
Justice
159
Negligence
Failing to act in a prudent manner
160
2 types of negligence
Omission
| Comission
161
HIPAA
National standards to protect against misuse of individually identifiable health information
162
5 purposes for program procedural manual
All people understand program parameters
Standardize intervention to avoid type 3 error
Ideas for facilitation
Additional background information on topics
Provide citations for resources
