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Health Promotion > Implementing Programs > Flashcards

Implementing Programs Flashcards

1
Q

6 components of Community

A

Sense of membership, identity and belonging
Common symbol systems of language and rituals
Shared values and norms
Mutual influence
Shared needs
Shared emotional connection through history, experiences and support

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2
Q

Where does the term community organization come from

A

Social work literature

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3
Q

Community Organization

A

Communities are helped to identify problems or goals, mobilize resources and develop and implement strategies for reaching collectively set goals

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4
Q

Purpose of community organization

A

Enrichment, development and change of social institutions

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5
Q

Challenges of community organization

A

No longer feel community oriented as a society

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6
Q

7 assumptions of community organizations

A

Community can develop capacity to deal with own problems
People want and can change
People should play active roles in major community changes
Self imposed changes work better
Hollistic approach through varying interests is better
Democracy requires involvement and makes change more viable
Help is often needs to mobilize communities

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7
Q

10 steps in community organization

A 
Recognize issue
Gain entry in community
Organize the poeple
Assess community
Determine priorities and set goals
Arrive at solution and pick a strategy
Implement, evaluate, maintain
Loop back
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8
Q

Who are the ones to set priorities and goals

A

Stakeholders

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9
Q

Bottom up

A

Initiated by community

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10
Q

Who do you gain buy in from

A

Opinion leaders and gate keepers

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11
Q

3 Advantages of internal personnel

A

Reduced cost
Internal arrangements can be made to free work schedules
More control over those involved

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12
Q

3 disadvantages of internal personnel

A

Limited by interest and ability of staff
May have limited expertise
More time planning than implementing

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13
Q

4 Advantages of external personnel

A

Known expertise
They can conduct program
Can request program guarantees
Have resources and sophisticated tools

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14
Q

3 disadvantages of external personnel

A

More costly
Subject to vendor limitations
Less control over program

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15
Q

Resources

A

All people and things required to carry out program

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16
Q

Who secures the necessary resources

A

Planners

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17
Q

Personnel

A

Those who carry out the program

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18
Q

2 types of personnel

A

Internal and external

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19
Q

Internal Personnel

A

People within organization or target population

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20
Q

External Personnel

A

Consultants

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21
Q

Who is the market in social marketing

A

Target population

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22
Q

Marketing

A

Planned attempt to influence the characteristics of voluntary exchange transactions of costs and benefits between buyers and sellers

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23
Q

Social Marketing

A

Application of commercial marketing technologies to programs designed to influence behaviour and increase welfare

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24
Q

What is the focus of social marketing

A

Non tangible products

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25
Q

Intention of social marketing

A

Bring about adoption or acceptance of practices in a population

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26
Q

5 groups of adopters of innovation

A 
Innovators
Early adopters
Early majority
Late majority
Late adopters
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27
Q

Percentages of adopters in population

A 
I- 2%
EA- 14%
EM- 34%
LM- 34%
LA- 16%
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28
Q

Innovators

A

Venturesome, independant and daring- want to try something first

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29
Q

Which kind of innovation adopters are opinion leaders?

A

Early adopters

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30
Q

Early adopters

A

Interested in program but more cautious than innovators

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31
Q

Early majority

A

Interested in program but need a push

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32
Q

Late Majority

A

Skeptical about program

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33
Q

Late adopters

A

Not interested and suspicious about change and the program

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34
Q

How do you reach innovators and early adopters

A

Mass media

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35
Q

How do you reach the early majority

A

External motivation

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36
Q

How do you reach the late majority

A

Constant exposure and mentoring

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37
Q

Marketing Mix

A

Product
Price
Placement
Promotion

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38
Q

Implementation

A

Initiating the activity, providing assistance, problem solving and reporting progress

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39
Q

5 stages in implementation

A 
Adoption of the program
Identifying and prioritizing tasks
Establishing a system of management
Putting plans into action
Ending or sustaining program
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40
Q

3 implementation strategies

A

Pilot test
Phase in
Total program

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41
Q

Pilot test

A

Program on small scale

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42
Q

Phase In

A

Phase program into larger segments of the population

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43
Q

Total Program

A

Very dangerous without a pilot test to make changes

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44
Q

5 components of informed consent

A 
Explain nature and purpose of program
Inform of any dangers or risks
Explain benefits of participation
Inform of similar programs that will accomplish the same thing
Know they can stop at any time
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45
Q

Commision

A

Doing something you shouldn’t

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46
Q

Ommision

A

Not doing something you should

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47
Q

Locality Development

A

Most like community development. Seeks change through broad self help participation from local community. Process oriented

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48
Q

Social planning

A

Task oriented. Focused on rational empirical problem solving usually by an outside expert

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49
Q

Social Action

A

Both process and task oriented. Increasing community’s problem solving ability and reduce imbalance between disadvantaged group and larger society

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50
Q

What should the planner’s role be

A

Facilitator or assistant

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51
Q

Where should the leader come from

A

Within the community

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52
Q

When do you not need to gain entry into community

A

When the issue was citizen initiated

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53
Q

Gatekeepers

A

People you must pass through to gain access to people of the community

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54
Q

Cultural humility

A

Openness to other’s cultures

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55
Q

Who should you organize first

A

People who are interested in addressing the concern

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56
Q

Executive participants

A

Small core group of people committed to problem resolution

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57
Q

3 types of attributes of successful organizers

A

Change vision attributes
Technical skills
Interactional and experience skills

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58
Q

Change vision attributes

A

See a need for change and are dedicated and committed to seeing change occur

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59
Q

Technical skills

A

Related to efficacy on issues and organizational health and effectiveness

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60
Q

Interactional and experience skills

A

Respond with empathy, to assess and intervene with people and identify and maintain organizational members and leaders

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61
Q

Active participants

A

Take part in activities and are not afraid to get work done

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62
Q

Occasional participants

A

Involved irregularly and only when major decisions are being made

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63
Q

Supporting participants

A

Seldom involved but swell ranks and contribute in non active ways

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64
Q

Task force

A

Self contained group of doers brought together due to strong interest in an issue

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65
Q

Coalition

A

Formal alliance of organizations that come together to work towards a common goal

66
Q

Purpose of coalition

A

Collaboration so collective resources have a better chance of solving the problem

67
Q

Key to maintaining coalitions

A

Having a champion, supportive organizational home and technical assistance and resources

68
Q

Difference between community organization and building

A

CO is focused on needs of community

CB is focused on assets and capabilities of community

69
Q

Mapping community capacity

A

Categorize assets into three groups based on availability to community

70
Q

Primary Building Blocks

A

Most accessible assets. Located in the neighbourhood and under control of people who live in the neighbourhood

71
Q

Secondary Building Blocks

A

Located in neighbourhood but controlled by outside people

72
Q

Potential Building Blocks

A

Originate and are controlled from outside the community

73
Q

2 phases of goal setting

A

Identify group priorities

Use priority list to write goals

74
Q

Stakeholders

A

Those in the community who have something to gain or lose form community organization or building

75
Q

Turf Struggles

A

Disagreement over control of resources and responsibilities

76
Q

5 criteria for priorities and goals

A

Winnable
Simple and specific
Unite and involve members of organizing group
Affect many people and build the community
Part of the larger plan to enhance the community

77
Q

Horizontal relationships

A

Interaction of local units with one another

78
Q

Vertical relationships

A

Local units interact with extra- community systems

79
Q

Formative evaluation

A

Measurement of the process used to improve quality of action

80
Q

Summative evaluation

A

Comparing outcomes to earlier stated goals

81
Q

Flex time

A

Time put into the program during a work day as long as the regular amount of work hours are completed

82
Q

Why is it good for people to put their own time into the program

A

Increase ownership

83
Q

Vendors

A

Companies that offer or sell programs, services or consulting to groups conducting health promotion programs

84
Q

Technical Assistance

A

Individuals with specific knowledge or skills share their expertise via advice and training

85
Q

How to recruit volunteers

A

Mass media

86
Q

Team

A

Small group with complementary skills, committed to a common purpose to which they hold themselves mutually accountable

87
Q

Ideal number for a team

A

5-12

88
Q

5 stages of developing a group

A

Forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning

89
Q

Forming

A

Members meet and agree on a goal to work towrads

90
Q

Storming

A

Different opinions about goals, tasks and responsibilities

91
Q

Norming

A

Understand roles, intensify cohesion and interdependance

92
Q

Performing

A

Constructive action

93
Q

Adjourning

A

Reached goal so group either disbands or continues

94
Q

5 behavioural characteristics of effective teams

A 
Cohesive
Selecting high performance norms
Cooperation
Interdependence
Trust
95
Q

Cultural competance

A

Set of values, behaviours and attitudes that enable health professionals to work across racially and linguistically diverse populations

96
Q

In house materials

A

Having someone else develop custom materials

97
Q

SAM

A

Suitability assessment of materials instrument

98
Q

Canned program

A

Developed outside the group. Includes basic components and material needed for program

99
Q

5 components of a canned program

A 
Participant manual
Instructor manual
Audiovisual materials
Training for instructors
Marketing
100
Q

Sliding scale Fee

A

The less one’s income, the less the participant fee

101
Q

Third party

A

Someone other than participants and planners pays for the program

102
Q

Memorandum of Understanding

A

Document describing general agreement between parties but does not amount to a substantive contract

103
Q

Grant

A

Award of financial assistance to carry out a specific purpose

104
Q

Gift

A

Money or items given voluntarily without compensation in return

105
Q

In- Kind Contributions

A

Non- monetary gifts

106
Q

Soft money

A

Given for a specific period of time and at some point will no longer be recieved

107
Q

Hard money

A

Ongoing source of funds that is part of the opertaing budget

108
Q

4 types of grant makers

A

Foundations, corporations, voluntary agencies, government

109
Q

Seed dollars

A

Start up money

110
Q

Who is the largest grant maker

A

Government

111
Q

Full time equivalant

A

Divide average number of hours worked per week by the average number worked by a full time employee

112
Q

Social Marketing

A

Design programs that facilitate voluntary behavior change for improved personal and societal well being

113
Q

Commercial marketing

A

Processes for creating and delivering value to customers

114
Q

What is at the centre of decisions in social marketing

A

Priority population

115
Q

What is at the centre of decisions in consumer maketing

A

Financial outcomes that benefit organization and stakeholders

116
Q

Market

A

Set of all people who have an actual or potential interest in a product or service

117
Q

Exchange

A

Seller’s goal is to make it possible for consumers to get a product and its benefits at a reasonable price and with minimal effort

118
Q

Consumer orientation

A

All marketing related program decisions are based on population and its preferences

119
Q

Formative research

A

Know enough about priority population that a product can be created to meet consumer needs and provide valued benefit

120
Q

4 components of formative research

A

Consumer analysis
Market analysis
Channel analysis
Identify competition

121
Q

Segmentation

A

Divide population into smaller more homogenous groups of people who will respond to the intervention in the same way

122
Q

How should you start segmentation

A

Review formative research data to identify behaviors that influence whether people experience morbidity or mortality associated with health topic

123
Q

5 criteria to selecting a segment to focus on

A 
Measurable
Substantial
Accessible
Differentiable
Actionable
124
Q

Diffusion Theory

A

Pattern of adoption of innovation in a population

125
Q

Product

A

What planners are offering that will meet needs

126
Q

Core products

A

Benefits associated with using product

127
Q

Price

A

Financial or non financial costs to obtain product and benefits

128
Q

Place

A

Where population has access to product

129
Q

4 purposes of promotion

A

Inform
Persuade
Reinforce
Differentiate

130
Q

Direct marketing

A

Communicating directly with consumers

131
Q

Personal selling

A

Person to person interaction to persuade customer to buy product

132
Q

Brand

A

Feature that identifies one seller’s product as distict form another

133
Q

Logic Model

A

Visual way to represent understanding of relationships among resources you have to run your program

134
Q

3 components of the logic model

A

Inputs (Resources)
Outputs (Activities)
Outcomes

135
Q

4 things to include in a logic model

A

Purpose of program
Context and conditions under which program will be offered
Associated assumptions with the planned program
External factors that could effect success
Description of evaluation

136
Q

Implementation

A

Converting planning into action through administrative structure, management, policies and organizational action

137
Q

3 stages of program diffusion

A

Implementation
Adoption
Sustainability

138
Q

Task Development Timeline

A

Visually represent tasks that need to be completed and the timeframe

139
Q

Gantt Chart

A

Does the same thing as the task development timeline plus provides different size lines to show difference between projected timeline and progress made

140
Q

PERT

A

Program evaluation and review technique

141
Q

2 components of PERT

A

Diagram

Timetable

142
Q

2 advantages of total program implementation

A

More people involved

Evaluation more meaningful

143
Q

2 Disadvantages of total program implementation

A

Big Committment

No chance to test program

144
Q

2 advantages of phase in

A

Easier to cope with workload

Gradual investment

145
Q

Disadvantage of phase in

A

Fewer people involved

146
Q

2 advantages of pilot test

A

Opportunity to test program

Close control of program

147
Q

2 Disadvantage sof pilot test

A

Very few people involved

Hard to generlaize results

148
Q

Critical path method

A

Graphical view of project and predicts time required to complete

149
Q

Management

A

Assembling and using resources in a goal directed manner in an organizational setting

150
Q

3 types of skills needed by managers

A

Technical
Interpersonal
Conceptual

151
Q

4 functions of human resource management

A

Planning
Acquisition
Development
Sanction

152
Q

Accounting

A

Recording transactions and interpreting effects on program budget

153
Q

Fiscla year

A

Funding year either running from Jan 1- Dec 31 or from July 1- June 30

154
Q

Fiscal accountability

A

Extent to which resources are managed according to budget

155
Q

Audit

A

Review that financial reports are accurate and standard accounting procedures are being used– to investigate fraud

156
Q

Technical resources

A

All other resources that are not human or financial

157
Q

What literature is used to guide ethical practice

A

Code of ethics for the health education profession

158
Q

3 fundamental principles of the Belmont Report

A

Respect for persons
Beneficence
Justice

159
Q

Negligence

A

Failing to act in a prudent manner

160
Q

2 types of negligence

A

Omission

Comission

161
Q

HIPAA

A

National standards to protect against misuse of individually identifiable health information

162
Q

5 purposes for program procedural manual

A

All people understand program parameters
Standardize intervention to avoid type 3 error
Ideas for facilitation
Additional background information on topics
Provide citations for resources

Health Promotion (3 decks)

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