Prognosis Flashcards
A prognosis attempts to do what?
Predict the future or course of a disease
The probability that an individual will get a specific disease during a given time is called?
Risk
Probable or putative risk factors that have been identified to have a link to a disease are called?
Risk indicators (HIV/AIDS, Osteoporosis)
Environmental or biologic factors that increase the chance of disease are called?
Risk Factors (Smoking, diabetes, Pathogenic biofilms) modifiable*
Risk factors that are not typically modifiable are referred to as?
Risk determinants or background characteristics (age, gender, Genetics, stress)
Things associated with risk for disease but don’t cause the disease are called?
Risk Markers/predictors (Bleeding on probe, previous periodontal disease)
Long term prognosis are those that are how long?
5 years or longer
Hirschfeld and wasserman had what two categories in 1978 for prognosis?
Favorable and questionable
*didn’t consider systemic factors
Becker et al had what 3 categories in 1984 for prognosis?
Good, Questionable, Hopeless
*didn’t consider systemic factors
Mcguire, in 1996,1999 looked at tooth mortality, accounting for time frame and mainly local factors, which two specifically?
Smoking and IL-1 (+)
McGuire and Nunn in 1996 had what 6 categories for prognosis? based on tooth loss
1-Excellent 2-Good 3-Fair 4-Poor 5-Questionable 6-Hopeless
Prognosis tend to be more accurate for which teeth?
Single rooted instead of multi-rooted
What did Kwok and Caron base their prognosis on in 2007?
Probability of disease progression
What are the 4 categories of Kwok and Caton?
1-Favorable (likely periodontal stability)
2-Questionable (maybe periodontal stability)
3-Unfavorable (unlikely periodontal stability)
4-Hopeless (Extraction needed)
What is the #1 modifiable risk factor?
Smoking (heavy smokers(>20) 3x more likely to lose teeth)
*improves prognosis by 60% if stop smoking
Michalowicz showed what with twin studies?
a 50% genetic risk for chronic periodontitis
Polymorphism of what gene increases inflammation, makes 2.7 more likely to lose teeth, is found in 30% of white pop?
IL-1 expressed as inflammatory cytokine
*Tested using Periodontal susceptibility test (PST)
Axelsson P quintessence 2000 showed that older individuals show more periodontal destruction but do not show what?
Any increased risk for progression based on age
Low intake of vit c or calcium, immuosuppression, osteoporosis and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus are systemic diseases that _________ risk for periodontal disease
increase
Why are smokers less likely to bleed on probe?
Smoking interferes with inflammation by causing vaso constriction
Though bacteria are required for periodontal disease, most studies show what about attachment loss?
no or weak correlation with plaque and future attachment loss
At what depth is a persistent deep pocket show increased BOP, chance to harbor periodontal pathogens and overall harder to maintain?
> 5 mm
What are the three main causes of tooth mobility?
1-Loss of alveolar bone
2-Inflammation of the PDL
3-Occlusal Trauma
On which roots are root concavities most pronounced?
Mesial and mesial buccal roots
What anatomic factors can complicate periodontal health?
- Enamel Pearls
- Bifurcation ridges
- Root concavities
- Developmental grooves
- Root proximity
- Furcation involvement
