Prognosis

Question 1

A prognosis attempts to do what?

Answer 1

Predict the future or course of a disease

Question 2

The probability that an individual will get a specific disease during a given time is called?

Answer 2

Risk

Question 3

Probable or putative risk factors that have been identified to have a link to a disease are called?

Answer 3

Risk indicators (HIV/AIDS, Osteoporosis)

Question 4

Environmental or biologic factors that increase the chance of disease are called?

Answer 4

Risk Factors (Smoking, diabetes, Pathogenic biofilms) modifiable*

Question 5

Risk factors that are not typically modifiable are referred to as?

Answer 5

Risk determinants or background characteristics (age, gender, Genetics, stress)

Question 6

Things associated with risk for disease but don’t cause the disease are called?

Answer 6

Risk Markers/predictors (Bleeding on probe, previous periodontal disease)

Question 7

Long term prognosis are those that are how long?

Answer 7

5 years or longer

Question 8

Hirschfeld and wasserman had what two categories in 1978 for prognosis?

Answer 8

Favorable and questionable

*didn’t consider systemic factors

Question 9

Becker et al had what 3 categories in 1984 for prognosis?

Answer 9

Good, Questionable, Hopeless

*didn’t consider systemic factors

Question 10

Mcguire, in 1996,1999 looked at tooth mortality, accounting for time frame and mainly local factors, which two specifically?

Answer 10

Smoking and IL-1 (+)

Question 11

McGuire and Nunn in 1996 had what 6 categories for prognosis? based on tooth loss

Answer 11

1-Excellent
2-Good
3-Fair
4-Poor
5-Questionable
6-Hopeless

Question 12

Prognosis tend to be more accurate for which teeth?

Answer 12

Single rooted instead of multi-rooted

Question 13

What did Kwok and Caron base their prognosis on in 2007?

Answer 13

Probability of disease progression

Question 14

What are the 4 categories of Kwok and Caton?

Answer 14

1-Favorable (likely periodontal stability)
2-Questionable (maybe periodontal stability)
3-Unfavorable (unlikely periodontal stability)
4-Hopeless (Extraction needed)

Question 15

What is the #1 modifiable risk factor?

Answer 15

Smoking (heavy smokers(>20) 3x more likely to lose teeth)

*improves prognosis by 60% if stop smoking

Question 16

Michalowicz showed what with twin studies?

Answer 16

a 50% genetic risk for chronic periodontitis

Question 17

Polymorphism of what gene increases inflammation, makes 2.7 more likely to lose teeth, is found in 30% of white pop?

Answer 17

IL-1 expressed as inflammatory cytokine

*Tested using Periodontal susceptibility test (PST)

Question 18

Axelsson P quintessence 2000 showed that older individuals show more periodontal destruction but do not show what?

Answer 18

Any increased risk for progression based on age

Question 19

Low intake of vit c or calcium, immuosuppression, osteoporosis and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus are systemic diseases that _________ risk for periodontal disease

Answer 19

increase

Question 20

Why are smokers less likely to bleed on probe?

Answer 20

Smoking interferes with inflammation by causing vaso constriction

Question 21

Though bacteria are required for periodontal disease, most studies show what about attachment loss?

Answer 21

no or weak correlation with plaque and future attachment loss

Question 22

At what depth is a persistent deep pocket show increased BOP, chance to harbor periodontal pathogens and overall harder to maintain?

Answer 22

> 5 mm

Question 23

What are the three main causes of tooth mobility?

Answer 23

1-Loss of alveolar bone
2-Inflammation of the PDL
3-Occlusal Trauma

Question 24

On which roots are root concavities most pronounced?

Answer 24

Mesial and mesial buccal roots

Question 25

What anatomic factors can complicate periodontal health?

Answer 25

• Enamel Pearls
• Bifurcation ridges
• Root concavities
• Developmental grooves
• Root proximity
• Furcation involvement