Antibiotics-Systemic Flashcards
What is the general term for a chemical substance that provides clinical therapeutic benefit?
Chemotherapeutic Agent
*Antimicrobial action, ability to increase host resistance
Is there evidence that antibiotics alone can arrest periodontal disease?
No
In what 4 situations are systemic antibiotics most beneficial?
- Systemic disease
- Immunocompromised
- Aggressive periodontal disease
- If patient is not a good candidate for more complex or invasive treatment
Chronic periodontitis can and should be treated initially __________ systemic antibiotics
without
Periodontal disease is predominately caused by what organisms?
Gram negative anaerobes
What are some general indications for systemic antibiotic use?
- Non responsive to conventional therapy
- Acute periodontal infections with systemic manifestation
- Prophylaxis for medically compromised patient
- Heavy smokers
- Adjunct to surgical and non-surgical periodontal therapy
Which antibiotic inhibits cell wall synthesis, is narrow spectrum and is bacteriocidal?
Penicillin
What are three common types of penicillin?
1-Amoxicillin
2-Pen VK
3-Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (augmentin)
What antibiotic inhibits protein synthesis, is broad spectrum, and bacteriostatic?
Tetracyclines
What are 2 advantages of tetracyclines?
1-Ability to concentrate in tissues and destroy A.a.
2-Anticollagenase activity
Why should tetracyclines not be taken with dairy products, iron vitamins or antacids?
is a chelating agent and will bind the divalent cation
What are two forms of tetracyclines?
Doxycycline and minocycline
Which tetracycline is easier on the stomach, can be taken with dairy products, decreased side effects and is semi-synthetic?
Doxycycline
Bactericidal against anaerobes, which antibiotic inhibits DNA synthesis, and has the brand name “Flagyl”?
Metronidazole
*intercalates into DNA and blocks gyrase
What are some significant side effects of metronidazole?
- Antabuse reaction
- Metallic aftertaste
- Orange urine
- Nausea/vomiting
- Peripheral neuropathy (rare)
Metronizadole is typically paired with what other two antibiotics?
- Amoxicilin
- Augmentin
Which antibiotic is often used when a patient is allergic to penicillin, works against anaerobes by inhibiting protein synthesis and is bacteriostatic?
Clindamycin
*side effect of skin rash and pseudomembranous colitis due to over growth of clostridium difficile
Also known as Z-pack, which antibiotic is effective against anaerobes and G (-) bacilli, penetrates fibroblasts and phagocytes and concentrates well in periodontal lesions?
Azithromycin
What are two drugs that modulate host response?
- NSAIDs
- Subantimicrobial does of doxycycline (Periostat)
What drug is taken for its anticollagenase activity at a dose below that used for infections?
Periostat
*may be administered at 20 mg 2x/day for up to 9 months
