progesterone -idex Flashcards
Proestrus is defined as
the period from onset of vulvar bleeding to the ____________
first acceptance of copulation
Proestrus duration averages ___ days, but it can range
from 1–27 days in extreme cases
9
_______ refers to the stage where the bitch shows outward signs of receptivity, and it is the
stage during which the bitch allows mating
Estrus
Estrus averages ___ days, but it can range from 3–21 days in extreme cases.
9
Fertilization typically occurs between
___-___ days before the end of estrus
3–4 days
some bitches may bleed throughout their entire heat period, whereas other may not. T/ F
T
Furthermore, some bitches may stand for a stud willingly, even long before there are eggs available for fertilization, whilst others may only be receptive for a day or two. T/F
T
Certain bitches may not be willing to stand for a stud at all because they only stand for a particular stud. T/F
T
It is also a common misconception among breeders that the duration of the different stages within a heat cycle and the point at which a bitch will allow copulation replicates itself in each repeating heat cycle of each individual bitch. T/F
T
Progesterone starts to rise just before
ovulation, toward the last week of the heat cycle. t/F
T
It is well established that as soon as the progesterone levels are around ___ ng/mL, the ovulation hormone (luteinizing hormone or LH) peaks and that ovulation takes place 2 days later when the
progesterone levels are around 5–8 ng/mL
2 ng/dl
Ovulation takes place ___ days after the LH surge when the progesterone levels are around ______ ng/dl
2
5-8 ng/dl
Canine eggs cannot be fertilized immediately after ovulation because they need another____ days to mature, and by that time the progesterone levels usually average ___ ng/mL or above.
2
10 ng/ml
Progesterone correlation to stages:
LH surge - ____ ng/dl
ovulation - ____ ng/dl
Fertilization - ____ ng/dl
2
5-8
10
Vaginal smears cannot accurately reflect the bitch’s heat cycle. T/F
T
They are only useful to confirm that the bitch is in heat and to see if there is pathology such as a severe vaginitis.
Vaginal smears are,however, very useful in determining when the bitch is out of heat, and this again is very helpful to accurately determining the
date of whelp.
Vaginal speculum examinations may save the breeder the cost of progesterone assays; however, for critical breedings (compromised semen, chilled, or frozen semen) and aberrant heat cycles, this method lacks precision. T/F
T
Serial progesterone assays are needed. T/F
T
Clinical experience shows that some bitches have a spurious rise of progesterone (sometimes as high as 2–3 ng/mL) that occurs during estrus followed by several days where the progesterone remains low (well below 2 ng/mL).
