progess assessment Flashcards
what was the aim of sheriffs realistic conflict theory
explore how limited resources and frustration of groups goals can lead to stereotyping and prejudice towards outgroup and encourage in groups solidarity and cooperation
what was the sample used in sheriffs realistic conflict theory?
22 white boys
11 years old
from Oklahoma
Protestant and middle class
What was the procedure in sheriffs realistic conflict theory ?
Field experiment.
- stage 1: group formation*
Activities- tent pitching, campfire building, canoeing, swimming
stage 2: friction
Competition- tug of war, baseball, tent pitching, points were awarded for comedy sketches, cabin inspections and treasure hunts
stage 3: reducing Friction
pulling broken down truck from mud, mending broken water supply, combining money to pay for a film
what are 3 findings of sheriffs realistic conflict theory?
Finding 1 - groups were names ‘the rattlers’ and ‘the eagles’, group leaders were established and social norms became apparent. The rattlers were tough and swore a lot where as the eagles cried more when injured and were anti swearing
Finding 2- groups discovered each other and challenged for a baseball contest. Name calling, burning flags, trashing cabins, fights and scuffles happened between the two groups. 6.4% of rattlers friends were eagles, 7.5% of eagles friends were rattlers
Finding 3 - social norms and superordinate goals reduce prejudice. On the last night the boys weee entertained and sat around the campfire, on the bus they left as friends. Outgroup friendships were increased. 36.4% of rattlers friends were eagles, 23.2% of eagles friends were rattlers
Strengths and weaknesses of sheriffs realistic conflict theory
Strengths
- ethics : parents were aware and consented of the boys doing experiment
- inter rater reliability: more than one observer
- application to reducing prejudice
Weaknesses
- ethics : boys weren’t aware and consented
- generalisability : sample sizes
- validity : bias
- reliability : difficult to replicate a summer camp
What did Milgram believe in the agency theory ?
- we are born with potential for obedience which then interacts with the influence of society to create an obedient man
- he states we have 2 mindsets that enables us to operate on our own and with others
What does autonomous mean?
We have self directed behaviour
We take responsibility of behaviour and have power with actions that are voluntary
what does agentic shift mean?
Changing from one state to another
What does agentic state mean?
Don’t take responsibility for behaviour and becoming the agent for the authority figure
What was the hypothesis for the cognitive practical ?
Participants who learn and recall in matching conditions (music - music) have a significantly higher chance of scoring higher in the recognition test out of 10 than participants who learn and recall in mismatched conditions (music - silence)
What is schema?
Store knowledge of objects or situations based from past experiences
Describe the theory of reconstructive memory?
Views Human memory as a store of note/summaries rather than complete memories.
When people remember they recall basic points and fill in gaps from existing experiences.
These experiences are contained in schema
What is confabulation?
Filing gaps guided by schema
What is assimilation?
New information is added
Define aggression?
Action aimed at causing physical and/ or psychological pain to self others or environment
What are the 4 lobes?
Temporal
Frontal
Occipital
Parental
What are the 4 lobes?
Temporal
Frontal
Occipital
Parental
Evaluate hormones as an explanation of aggression
Strength - has supporting evidence
- testosterone levels were higher in males who were convicted of a violent crime compared to those who were convicted of a non violent crime
- 87 female inmates testosterone levels were measured and found that the degree of criminal violence used by these women positively correlated with testosterone levels
- therefore testosterone also correlated with the extent of women’s aggression dominance in prison
Weakness - contradicting evidence
- raine et al theory. He found pps who pleased NGRI has issues with prefrontal cortex which had issues with controlling implies aggressive behaviour and an imbalance in the amygdala which results to issues interpreting threats
Strength - application to real life
- maletzky et al 2006 found testosterone lowering drug which resulted in reduced levels of sexually aggressive behaviour in some offenders
- therefore thus is good as it can have a positive impact of individuals and society
Weakness
- biologically reductionist as it only focuses on nature as only focuses on biological chemicals in the body therefore ignoring nurture. Social learning theory suggest that role models influence behaviour, if a child identifies with aggressive behaviour it will most likely imitate the behaviour
- theeedore limits validity of hormone explanation as it’s not holistic
Balanced conclusion
- explaination is valid and highly scientific however psychologists should be careful as other factors can affect aggression
