Prog Finals Flashcards
A computer programing task can be divided into two phases:
Problem solving phase & implementation phase
Is an artificial and informal language that helps programmers develop algorithms. This is very similar to everyday English.
Pseudocode
Is another algorithm but graphical.
Flowchart
Denotes the beginning or end of the program.
Oval
Denotes an input operation.
Parallelogram/Rhombus
Denotes a process to be carried out
e.g. addition, subtraction, division etc.
Rectangle
Denotes a decision (or branch) to be made.
The program should continue along one of
two routes. (e.g. IF/THEN/ELSE).
Diamond
Denotes an output operation.
Hybrid
Denotes the direction of logic flow in the program.
Flow line
Flowchart Control Structures
-Sequence
-Decision
-Loop
-Case
Computer language consisting of mnemonics that directly correspond to machine language instructions.
Low level languages
Basically symbolic languages that use English words and/or mathematical symbols rather than mnemonic codes.
High level languages
Very close to machine language.
Low level languages
Concentrate on machine architecture.
Low level languages
Machine-independent programming language.
High level languages
Concentrate of the logic of problem.
High level languages
What are the low level languages?
Machine language & assembly language
What are the high level language?
C, C++, BASIC, Java
Who is pythons creator?
Guido van Rossum
Who is pythons developer?
Python Software Foundation
When was python released?
February 20, 1991
What is the recent software version of python?
Python 3.10.6
Python was named after ____.
Monty Python
Useful as a scripting language.
Python
Open source, scalable and object oriented.
Python
IDLE stands for
Integrated Development Environment for Python
Not compiled like Java. Code is written and then directly executed by an interpreter. Type commands into interpreter and see immediate results.
Interpreted
Unlike Java, Python does not have this.
Main Method
Python statements do not end with semicolons. True or False.
True
What do we do in problem solving phase?
Make ordered sequence.
The ordered sequence made in problem solving phase is called the ____.
Algorithm
This is typically used on windows.
IDLE
Code is written and then directly executed by an interpreter.
Interpreted Language
These are names for values.
Variables
These can be assigned to other variables.
Variables
Value do have ____.
Types
+
Addition
-
Subtraction
*
Multiplication
/
Division
**
Exponentiation
What are the basic data types?
Integers, Floats, & Strings
Use ____ when must go to next line prematurely.
/ or backslash
Block structure is indicated by this.
Indentation
= is for
Assignment
== is for
Comparison
+ is for
String Concatenation
% is for
String Formatting
What are the logical operators?
and, or, not
Basic printing command is ___.
x==y
equals y
x<y
is less than y
x>y
is greater than y
x>=y
is greater than or equal to y
x<=y
is less than or equal to y
x!=y
is not equal to y
x is y
is the same object as y
x is not y
is not the same object as y
x in y
is a member of y
x not in y
is not a member of y
Allow us to execute a statement or group of statements multiple times.
Loop Statements
What are the Loop Statements?
While Loop
For Loop
Range
Are used to change the flow of execution from its normal sequence.
Loop Control Statements
What are the Loop Control Statements?
Break
Continue
Pass
Repeats a statement or group of statements while a given condition is TRUE.
While loop
Executes a sequence of statements multiple times and abbreviates the code that manages the loop variable.
For loop
Used in case the need is to iterate over a specific number of times within a given range in steps/interval mentioned.
Range function in loops
Terminates the loop statement and transfers execution to the statement immediately following the loop.
Break statements
Causes the loop to skip the remainder of its body and immediately retest its condition prior to reiterating.
Continue statements
Is never executed.
Pass statements
Used when a statement is required syntactically but do not want any command or code to execute or if the code need to be implemented in the future.
Pass statements
Behaves like a placeholder for future code.
Pass statements
Binary. Evaluates to true if both expressions are true.
and
Binary. Evaluates to true if at least one expression is true.
or
Unary. Returns true if the expression is false.
not
Basically a data structure which can hold more than one value at a time.
Array
It is a collection or ordered series of items at the same time.
Array
Each item stored is an array is called ____.
Element
Each location of an element in an array has a ___.
Numerical Index
Enumerate basic array operations:
*
Number of elements present in an array.
Length of an array
What function to use in finding the length of an array?
len()
This function returns an integer value that is equal to the number of elements present in that array.
len()
Used to iterates over the items of an array specified number of times.
For loop
Iterates the elements until a certain condition is met.
While loop
This function is used when we want to remove an element and return it.
pop()
This function is used when we want to remove an element with a specific value without returning it.
remove()
Arrays concatenation is done using _ sign.
+
An array can be sliced using the _ symbol.
:
This returns a range of elements that we have specified by the index number.
Slicing an array
This function is used to sort an array.
sorted()
Format use in sorting in descending order.
sorted(array_name, reverse=true)
Is used to add a single element at the end of an array.
append()
Is used to add a more than one element at the end of the end of an array.
extend()
Is used to add an element at the specific position of an array.
insert()
Removes all the elements from the list.
clear()
Returns a copy of the list.
copy()
Returns the number of elements with the specified value.
count()
Returns the index of the first element with the specified value.
index()
Reverses the order of the list.
reverse()
Enumerate types of arrays.
1D Array
2D Array
Multi D Array
A _____ is a block of organized, reusable code that is used to perform a single, related action.
Function
Provide better modularity for the applications and a high degree of code reusing.
Function
Differentiate python and c++ in terms of line codes.
*
Differentiate python and c++ in terms of garbage collection.
*
Differentiate python and c++ in terms of syntax.
*
