Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geology > Geology Finals > Flashcards

Geology Finals Flashcards

1
Q

These rock type or materials are not prone to landslide but are prone to rockslide.

A

Sedimentary Rocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

However, weak sedimentary rocks, such as ________ and _______, are also highly susceptible to landslide.

A

Mudstone and shale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

These rock type or materials are hazard or prone to landslide.

A

Mud or clay sand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

It us an office associated with DOST. An index topographic map.

A

National Mapping and Resource Information Authority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Are natural shapes or features at the Earth’s surface.

A

Landforms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A place on Earth’s surface that is much higher than the land around it.

A

Mountain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is a lowland area between higher lands such as mountains.

A

Valley

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A deep valley with very steep sides.

A

Canyon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A flat area on Earth’s surface.

A

Plain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A flat area higher than the land around it.

A

Plateau

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A land that is completely surrounded by water.

A

Island

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A water that is completely surrounded by land.

A

Lake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Are the largest bodies of water on Earth.

A

Ocean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The area where the ocean touches the land.

A

Coast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A hot dry place with little or no rainfall.

A

Desert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A long flowing body of water.

A

River

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Represents the shape of the land on a flat piece of paper using contour lines.

A

Topography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

(a) Represents different elevations on a topographic map. Each of this values that are of equal elevation making them an (b) ______.

A

(a) Contour Lines
(b) Isolines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

It connects points of equal value on a field map.

A

Isolines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

These are lines connecting points of equal temperature.

A

Isotherms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

These are lines connecting points of equal barometric (air) pressure.

A

Isobar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

These are lines connecting points of equal elevation.

A

Contour Lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Enumerate the example of isolines.

A

Isotherms, Isobar, and Contour Lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

It shows a region with a measurable quantity at every location.

A

Field Map

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Enumerate rules for drawing isolines.

A

*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Enumerate rules for drawing contour lines.

A

*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

These are shown by hachured contour lines.

A

Closed depressions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

____ = short dashes

A

Hachures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

A hachured contour line, lying between two different contour lines, is the same elevation as the lower contour line. True of False.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Closely spaced contour lines indicate a _______.

A

Relatively sleep slope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Widely spaced contour lines indicate a _______.

A

Relatively gentle slope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

They seem to touch but never cross.

A

Vertical cliff-contour lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

When a river or stream crosses a contour line, the contour line bends and points ______.

A

Upstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

_______ is where the river starts higher elevation. (River and Streams)

A

Upstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

_______ is where the river ends lower elevation. (River and Streams)

A

Downstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What shape or letter does the contour bend form when a contour line crosses a stream or valley? And at what direction does it points?

A

“V” that points upstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Heavy lines spaced at a predetermined labeled elevations on a topographic map.

A

Index Contour Line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

The vertical distance that separates every contour line on a topographic map.

A

Contour Interval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

In interpreting a topographic map:

A

Estimating elevation & gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

This refers to the steepness of the land (slope).

A

Gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

As stress rate is increased, the material goes from being elastic to plastic and finally fracturing by brittle fracture.

A

Rate of Stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

At lower temperatures, the material fractures sooner. At higher temperatures, the material behaves like a plastic longer before fracturing.

A

Temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

The lower the pressure, the sooner the material will fracture.

A

Confining pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

(Geologic Structures) Rate of Stress

A

*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

(Geologic Structures) Temperature

A

*

46
Q

(Geologic Structures) Confining Pressure

A

*

47
Q

A fault in which the rocks above the fault plane moves up in relation to the rocks below.

A

Reverse Fault

48
Q

This occurs when two blocks of rocks are forced together by compression.

A

Reverse Fault

49
Q

A series of visible layers within a rock.

A

Bedding

50
Q

The oldest layers is usually on the bottom with the layers becoming younger upward.

A

Principle of Original Horizontality

51
Q

This is common in turbidity current deposits which form when sediment-water mixtures flow along the seafloor.

A

Graded Bedding

52
Q

Small ridges formed on the surface of sediment by moving wind or water.

A

Beds: Ripple Marks

53
Q

A series of thin, inclined layers within a larger bed of rock.

A

Beds: Cross-Bedding

54
Q

What are the most common materials in cross-bedding?

A

Sandstone

55
Q

Polygonal cracks formed in very fined-grained sediment as it dries.

A

Beds: Mudcracks

56
Q

Only form in environments where sediment is exposed above water.

A

Mudcracks

57
Q

Enumerate the 3 terms to describe tilted beds.

A

True dip angle, dip direction, and strike

58
Q

Is the angle with the horizontal down the line of the greatest slope.

A

True dip angle

59
Q

Is the bearing of the dip.

A

Dip direction

60
Q

Is the direction of outcrop, thus is perpendicular to the direction of dip.

A

Strike

61
Q

Clinometer for measuring strike and dip.

A

Silva Compass & Brunton Compass

62
Q

(Attitude of Beds/Structural Planes) If the ground surface is flat, the tilt angle is dominant. This controls the width of the outcrop. True or False.

A

True

63
Q

This arises when a series of tilted beds becomes buried beneath further beds of a different dip.

A

Unconformity

64
Q

The surface across which the dip changes.

A

Plane of Unconformity

65
Q

When a set of horizontal layers are subjected to compressive forces, they bend either upwards or downwards.

A

Folds

66
Q

Enumerate 2 types of folds.

A

Anticline and syncline

67
Q

This fold is convex upwards.

A

Anticline

68
Q

When the beds are bent downwards, this fold is convex downward.

A

Syncline

69
Q

What are the three types of faults?

A

Normal Faults, Reverse Faults, & Strike Slip Faults

70
Q

This fault motion is caused by tensional forces.

A

Normal Fault

71
Q

Other names for normal fault.

A

Normal-slip fault, tensional fault, gravity fault.

72
Q

The block above the fault moves up relative to the block below the fault.

A

Reverse Fault

73
Q

This motion is caused by compressional forces and result in shortening.

A

Reverse Fault

74
Q

In reverse fault, what is it called if the dip or slope of the fault plane is small.

A

Thrust Fault

75
Q

Rocks are strong in taking _____.

A

Compressive load

76
Q

Rocks are relatively weak in taking _____.

A

Tensile load

77
Q

Rocks behave mostly as brittle material when ____.

A

Unconfined

78
Q

Rocks behave as ductile or plastic when _____ is acted.

A

High confining pressure

79
Q

(Physico-Mechanical Properties of Rocks) Physical Properties

A

DMPPVETD

80
Q

(Physico-Mechanical Properties of Rocks) Mechanical Properties

A

UnTePoTriDi

81
Q

Are always filled with some type of fluid - either liquid or gas.

A

Voids

82
Q

This influence mechanical behavior of the material.

A

Amount of void space & amount and type of fluid

83
Q

Parameters used to quantify relative amount of void space.

A

Porosity and void ratio

84
Q

Rate at which fluids will move through a saturated material.

A

Permeability

85
Q

Permeability defined by the property of the material.

A

Intrinsic Permeability

86
Q

Measure of the ability of a rock or soil to transmit water.

A

Hydraulic Conductivity

87
Q

Stresses can be resolved into three principal stresses that are mutually perpendicular.

A

Maximum, intermediate, and minimum stress

88
Q

The amount of deformation is called ______.

A

Strain

89
Q

The type and amount of strain that a particular material experiences depends on:

A

Type of stresses applied & depth and temperature

90
Q

Deformation - Response to Stress. Ideal Materials:

A

Elastic, Viscous, & Plastic

91
Q

Is a slope of regression line in a stress-strain rate plot.

A

Viscous

92
Q

No strain until some critical stress value has been reached; then continuous deformation.

A

Plastic

93
Q

This a common method of testing rock behavior.

A

Unconfined compression test

94
Q

Refers to a technique that improves the engineering properties of the soil mass.

A

Ground Modification

95
Q

Classification of Ground Modification Techniques

A

-Mechanical modification
-Hydraulic modification
-Physical and chemical modification
-Modification by inclusion and confinement

96
Q

Is a construction material used to embed rebars in masonry walls, connect sections of pre-cast concrete, fill voids, and seal joints.

A

Grout

97
Q

Generally composed of a mixture of water cement, sand, often color tint, and sometimes fine gravel.

A

Grout

98
Q

Enumerate 6 types of grout:

A

cement-based grouts
pure cement grout
bentonite cement grout
grout with fillers
silicate-based grouts
soft gels

99
Q

The most frequently used in both water stopping and strengthening treatment,

A

Cement-based grouts

100
Q

Usual mix proportions are from water cement ratio 0.4 to 1 for grouting.

A

Pure cement grout

101
Q

Very high mechanical strength can be attained with this type of grout.

A

Pure cement grout

102
Q

A stable grout.

A

Bentonite cement grout

103
Q

Are used when water absorption and/or the size of voids are such that filling becomes essential and when the leaking of grout into adjoining areas should be limited.

A

Grout with fillers

104
Q

Are added in order to modify the viscosity of a given grout so as to obtain a low cost product to substitute the cement.

A

Fillers

105
Q

This term is commonly used to specify grouts with fillers that have a high sand content.

A

Mortar

106
Q

These grouts are sodium silicate in liquid form diluted and containing a regeant.

A

Silicate-based grout

107
Q

It is mainly for water stopping purposes.

A

Soft Gels

108
Q

Provide the response of a larger mass under natural insitu condition.

A

Insitu test

109
Q

Usually rock cores are heavy, so must be an appropriate size to be handled by two people. The boxes are made _____ long and should be made of ______ for durability.

A

1.5m; hard board

110
Q

It is the percentage of the rock recovered during a single core run and gives indication of material that has been washed into suspension of the presence of natural voids.

A

Total core recovery

111
Q

It is the percentage of full diameter core recovered during a single core run and gives indication of fracture state.

A

Solid core recovery

Geology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions