Proficient and Always Carried Flashcards
acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Class: analgesic, antipyretic
Dose: 325-650mg q4-6h (max: 4g/d)
Action:analgesia action possibly through peripheral nervous system; fever reduction through direct action on hypothalamus heat-regulating center resulting in peripheral vasodilation, sweating, and dissipation of heat.
dexamethasone
Class: steroid
Dose: 0.25-4mg PO bid-qid; 8-16mg IM/IV q1-3wks
Action: antiinflammatory and immunosuppression properties; prevents accumulation of inflammatory cells at sites of infection; inhibits phagocytosis, lysosomal enzyme release, and synthesis of selected chemical mediators of inflammation; reduces capillary dilation and permeability.
diazepam (Valium)
Class: benzodiazepine; anticonvulsant; anxiolytic
Dose: 2-10mg po tid-qid; 5-10mg slow IV push, repeat in 3-4h
Action: anticonvulsant and antianxiety psychotherapeutic drug with action at both limbic and subcortical levels of CNS; increases total sleep time, but shortens REM and stage 4 sleep
diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Class: h1 blocker, antihistamine
Dose: 25-50mg IV/IM/PO q4-6h
Action: h1-receptor antagonist and antihistamine as it competes for h1-receptor sites on effector cells; significant central anticholinergic activity as it prolongs action of dopamine by inhibiting its re-uptake and storage
epinephrine
Class: autonomic nervous system agent; bronchodilator
Dose: 0.1-.05mL SC/IM q10-15min (1:1000 soln. = 1mg/ml)
Action: sympathomemetic that acts directly on both alpha and beta receptors; strengthens myocardial contractions; increases systolic, but may decreases diastolic blood pressure; increases cardiac rate and output; constricts bronchial arterioles and inhibits histamine release, thus reducing congestion and edema and increasing tidal volume and vital capacity
ertapenem (Invanz)
Class: antibiotic
Dose: 1g IV/IM q24h (for IV reconstitute with 10mL NS, for IM 3.2mL 1% lidocaine w/o epi)
Action: broad spectrum antibiotic that inhibits cell wall synthesis of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria by its strong affinity for bacterial cell wall penicillin-binding protiens
fentanyl oral lozenges (Actiq)
Class: opiate
Dose: 400-800mcg (max 1600mcg/d
Action: similar to morphine with more rapid onset and less prolonged analgesia and sedation, but less emetic effect
gatifloxacin (Tequin)
Class: antibiotic
Dose: 400mg PO/IV dialy x 1-14 days
Action: broad spectrum bactericidal agent that inhibits DNA-gyrase topoisomerase II, an enzyme necessary for bacterial replication, transcription, repair, and recombination
hetastarch (Hextend)
Class: plasma volume expander; colloid (synthetic starch resembling human glycogen)
Dose: 500-1000mL IV (max rarte 20mL/kg/h max does: 1500mL/day)
Action: increases colloidal osmotic pressure and expands plasma volume; reamins in the intravascular space increasing arterial and venous pressures, heart rate, cardiac output, urine output; not a blood or plasma substitute
ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil)
Class: NSAID (c0x-1) anti-inflammatory, analgeisic, antipyretic
Dose: 400-800mg PO tid-qid (max 3200mg/d)
Action: propionic acid inhibitor prototype that blocks prostaglandin synthesis, modulates T-cell function, inhibits cells chemotaxis, decreases releases of superoxide radicals or increases scavenging of these compounds at inflammatory sites, inhibits platelet aggregation and prolongs bleed time
ketorolac (Toradol)
Class: NSAID, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic
Dose: 15-30mg IV/IM q6h (max: 150mg/d on first day then 120mg subsequent days) 10mg PO q6h (max 40mg/d) max duration for all routes 5 days
Action: inhibits prostagalndin synthesis
lidocaine (Xylocaine)
Class: local anesthetic; cardiovascular agent
Dose: for local anesthesia, 0.5-2% injection with or without epi
Action: anesthetic effect similar to procaine; class IB antiarrhythmic action by suppressing automaticity in His-Purkinje system and by elevating the electrical stimulation threshold of ventricles during diastole.
meloxicam (Mobic)
Class: NSAID, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic
Dose: 7.5-15mg PO daily
Action: inhibits cyclooxygenase
morphine sulfate (MSO4)
Class: opiate, analgesic
Dose: 5-15mg slow IV push, titrate to pain
Action: natural opium alkaloid with agnoist activity as it binds with 3 types of the same receptors endogenous opioid peptides; analgesia at supraspinal level, euphoria, respiratory depression, and physical dependence; sedation and miosis; dysphoric, hallucinogenic, and cardiac stimulant effects.
moxiflocacin (Avelox)
Class: antibiotic, fluoroquinolone
Dose: 400mg PO/IV daily x 5-10 days
Action: broad spectrum bactericidal agent that inhibits DNA-gyrase topoisomerase II, an enzyme necessary for bacterial replication, transcription, repair, and recombination; effective against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.
