Proficient Flashcards
acetazolamide (Diamox)
Class: carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; diuretic; anticonvulsant
Dose: 250mg PO q8-12h; 500mg SR q12-24h; start 1-2 d prior, continue for >= 5 d while at high altitude
Action: diuretic effect due to inhibition of carbonic anhydrase activity in proximal renal tubule, preventing formation of carbonic acid; anticonvulsant action effect thought to involve inhibition of CNS carbonic anhydrase, retarding abnormal paroxysmal discharge from CNS neurons.
acetylsalicyclic acid (Aspirin)
Class: NSAID; anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic
Dose: 325-650mg PO/PR q4-6h (max: 4g/d); MI prophylaxis PO 80-325mg/d
Action: inhibits prostaglandin synthesis involved in the production of inflammation, pain, and fever; enhances antigen removal and reduces spread of inflammation; peripheral analgesic action with limited CNS action in the hypothalamus; antipyretic by indirect centrally mediated peripheral vasodilation and sweating; powerfully inhibits platelet aggregation and ability of blood to clot; high levels can impair hepatic synthesis of blood coagulation factors VII, IX, and X, possible inhibiting action of vitamin K
albuterol (Proventil)
Class: sympathomimetic, bronchodilator
Dose: MDI 2 puffs q4-6h prn; NEB 0.5mL of 0.5% soln. (2.5mg) in 5mL NS nebulized tid-qid
Action: acts more prominently on beta2 receptors (particularly smooth muscles of bronchi, uterus, and vascular supply to skeletal muscles) than beta1 (heart) receptors; inhibits histamine release by mast cells; produces bronchodilation, by relaxing smooth muscles of bronchial tree which decreases airway resistance, facilitates mucus draining, and increases vital capacity
bacitracin
Class: antibiotic
Dose: topical ointment to AAA bid-tid; clean affected area prior to application
Action: bactericidal that appears to inhibit cells wall synthesis; activity similar to penicillin; active against many gram-positive; ineffective against more other gram-negatives
benzonatate (Tessalon Perles)
Class: antitussive
Dose: 100-200mg PO tid prn (max 600mg/d)
Action: nonnarcotic antitussive chemically related to tetracaine; does not inhbit respiratory center at recommended doses; decreases frequency and intensity of nonproductive cough
ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
Class: antibiotic; third gen cephalosporin
Dose: for moderate to sever infections 1-2g IV/IM q12-24h (max: 4g/d); for meningitis. 2g IV/IM q12h; for uncomplicated gonorrhea 250mg IM x 1; dilute in 1% lidocaine for IM
Action: binds to penicillin-binding proteins and inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis
cetirizine (Zyrtec)
Class: h1-receptor antagonist. non-sedating antihistamine
Dose: 5-10mg PO qd
Action: potent h1-receptor antagonist and antihistamine; reduces local and systemic effects of histamine release
cimetidine (Tagamet)
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clindamycin (Cleocin)
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dextromethorphan (Robitussin DM)
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dextrose (D50)
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doxycycline
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fexofenadine (Allegra)
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guaifenesin
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hydrocortisone
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