Proficient

Question 1

acetazolamide (Diamox)

Answer 1

Class: carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; diuretic; anticonvulsant
Dose: 250mg PO q8-12h; 500mg SR q12-24h; start 1-2 d prior, continue for >= 5 d while at high altitude
Action: diuretic effect due to inhibition of carbonic anhydrase activity in proximal renal tubule, preventing formation of carbonic acid; anticonvulsant action effect thought to involve inhibition of CNS carbonic anhydrase, retarding abnormal paroxysmal discharge from CNS neurons.

Question 2

acetylsalicyclic acid (Aspirin)

Answer 2

Class: NSAID; anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic
Dose: 325-650mg PO/PR q4-6h (max: 4g/d); MI prophylaxis PO 80-325mg/d
Action: inhibits prostaglandin synthesis involved in the production of inflammation, pain, and fever; enhances antigen removal and reduces spread of inflammation; peripheral analgesic action with limited CNS action in the hypothalamus; antipyretic by indirect centrally mediated peripheral vasodilation and sweating; powerfully inhibits platelet aggregation and ability of blood to clot; high levels can impair hepatic synthesis of blood coagulation factors VII, IX, and X, possible inhibiting action of vitamin K

Question 3

albuterol (Proventil)

Answer 3

Class: sympathomimetic, bronchodilator
Dose: MDI 2 puffs q4-6h prn; NEB 0.5mL of 0.5% soln. (2.5mg) in 5mL NS nebulized tid-qid
Action: acts more prominently on beta2 receptors (particularly smooth muscles of bronchi, uterus, and vascular supply to skeletal muscles) than beta1 (heart) receptors; inhibits histamine release by mast cells; produces bronchodilation, by relaxing smooth muscles of bronchial tree which decreases airway resistance, facilitates mucus draining, and increases vital capacity

Question 4

bacitracin

Answer 4

Class: antibiotic
Dose: topical ointment to AAA bid-tid; clean affected area prior to application
Action: bactericidal that appears to inhibit cells wall synthesis; activity similar to penicillin; active against many gram-positive; ineffective against more other gram-negatives

Question 5

benzonatate (Tessalon Perles)

Answer 5

Class: antitussive
Dose: 100-200mg PO tid prn (max 600mg/d)
Action: nonnarcotic antitussive chemically related to tetracaine; does not inhbit respiratory center at recommended doses; decreases frequency and intensity of nonproductive cough

Question 6

ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

Answer 6

Class: antibiotic; third gen cephalosporin
Dose: for moderate to sever infections 1-2g IV/IM q12-24h (max: 4g/d); for meningitis. 2g IV/IM q12h; for uncomplicated gonorrhea 250mg IM x 1; dilute in 1% lidocaine for IM
Action: binds to penicillin-binding proteins and inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

Question 7

cetirizine (Zyrtec)

Answer 7

Class: h1-receptor antagonist. non-sedating antihistamine
Dose: 5-10mg PO qd
Action: potent h1-receptor antagonist and antihistamine; reduces local and systemic effects of histamine release

Question 8

cimetidine (Tagamet)

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Question 9

clindamycin (Cleocin)

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Question 10

dextromethorphan (Robitussin DM)

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Question 11

dextrose (D50)

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Question 12

doxycycline

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Question 13

fexofenadine (Allegra)

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Question 14

guaifenesin

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Question 15

hydrocortisone

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Question 16

hydromorphone (Dilaudid)

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Question 17

lactated ringer’s

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Question 18

levofloxacin (Levaquin)

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Question 19

loperamide (Imodium)

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Question 20

loratadine (Claritin)

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Question 21

Meclizine (Antivert)

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Question 22

mefloquine (Larium)

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Question 23

ondansetron (Zofran)

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Question 24

primaquine

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Question 25

pseudophedrine (Sudafed)

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Question 26

ranitidine (Zantac)

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Question 27

TMP-SMZ (Bactrim, Septra)

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Question 28

zolpidem (Ambien)

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