Professionalism, Skills and Attributes for Pharmacy Flashcards
Miller’s triangle
Required level of competence.
bottom (widest part) - knows, knows how, shows how, does - Top (smallest part)
Medicines reconciliation
The process of accurately listing a persons current medicines, this could be when they are admitted into a service or when their treatment changes.
Typically the role of a hospital pharmacist.
Medicines formulary
This is a list of medicines that are available for use within an organisation such as a hospital, the main purpose is to specify which medicines are approved for use under particular circumstances.
The formulary takes into account the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of medicines.
Aseptic Services
NHS Pharmacy aseptic services in England provide sterile controlled environment for the preparation of injectable medicines into ready-to-administer formats for patients.
Products include: chemotherapy, injectable nutrition and clinical trials for new medicines.
Radiopharmaceutical product
These are radioisotopes bound to biological molecules able to target specific organs, tissues or cells within the human body. These radioactive drugs can be used for the diagnosis and, increasingly, for therapy of diseases.
Royal Pharmaceutical society
It is a professional body that represents the interests of its members. It is NOT compulsory to join to practice as a pharmacist.
General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC)
This is an independent regulator for pharmacists, pharmacy technicians and pharmacy premises in GB. Their aims are to protect, promote and maintain health, safety and wellbeing of members of the public by upholding standards and public trust in pharmacy. This is COMPULSORY.
Requires an annual declaration of FTP, 4 CPD records and a written reflective piece alongside a discussion about their practice with a professional colleague.
GPhC standards
Effective leadership
Person-centred care
Partnership working
Effective communication
Professional knowledge and skills
Professional judgement
Professional behaviour
Confidentiality and privacy
Speaking up about concerns
Duty of Candour
Pharmacists have a professional duty to be open and honest with patients when things go wrong, this is irrespective of a pharmacists work domain, whether it is in public, private or the voluntary sector.
Primary Care Networks (PCNs)
This is made up of a group pf a group of GP practices who work together and in partnership with services in the local area. PCNs build upon existing care services and enable greater provision of proactive, personalised, coordinated and more integrated health and social care for people close to home.
serve from 30,000 to 50,000 people.
Integrated Care Systems (ICSs)
ICSs bring together local organisations to redesign care and improve population health, creating shared leadership and action.
Made up of two parts:
Integrated care board (ICB) which allocates the NHS budget and commissions services; produces a 5 year plan for health services.
Integrated care partnership (ICP) which brings together a wider range of partners, not just the NHS, to develop a plan to address the broader health, public health, and social care needs of the population; it does not commission services
Thalidomide
Sold and prescribed during the late 1950s to pregnant woman to combat morning sickness. The drug was considered to be very safe as it was impossible to establish a lethal dose during animal testing.
Pre-release testing was poor by modern standards and post-marketing surveillance was non-existent. There was also no requirement to demonstrate that the drug is safe or effective.
Commission on Human Medicines (CHM)
The Medicines Act 1968 introduced a number of different committees.
Committee on Human Medicines (CHM), this is an advisory, non-departmental public body which is sponsored by the department of Health and Social Care.
The CHM provides advice to ministers on safety, efficacy and quality of medicines.
Committee for Medicinal Products for Human use (CHMP)
After the UK joined the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1973, the UK had a prominent role in the development of EU legislation.
These developments resulted in a Europe-wide licensing procedure which was overseen by the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human use (CHMP)
It is the EMA’s committee responsible for human medicines; is plays a vital role in the authorisation of medicines
European Medicine Agency (EMA)
Their role is to protect and promote human and animal health by evaluating and monitoring medicines within the EU, this now only applies to northern Ireland.
Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPCs) are a key component of the marketing authorisations in the EU
Medicines & Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)
Established after the Medicines Control Agency, which is responsible for regulating medicines in the UK, the Medical Devices Agency, which had similar responsibilities for regulating medical devices.
The MHRA is responsible for regulating medicines, medical devices and blood components from transfusion in the UK.
Medicines Act 1968
It governs the control of medicines for human use, which including the manufacture and supple of medicines, and the manufacture and supple of medicated feeding stuffs.
Human Medicines Regulations 2012
The new regulations set out a comprehensive regime for the authorisation of medical products for human use; for the manufacture, import, distribution, sale and supply of those products; for their labelling and advertising; and for pharmacovigilance.
Pharmacy Order 2012
Established the GPhC as an independent statutory regulator, the council has powers and responsibilities for the registration of pharmacy premises and for enforcing certain provisions under the Medicine Act 1968.
Sources of Law
Made of a mix of statue law and common law.
Statue Law consists of both primary and secondary legislation. Primary legislation is a term used to describe the main laws passed by the legislative bodies of the UK Parliament. Parliament is sovereign (supreme legal authority in the UK which can create or end any law)
Secondary legislation is created by ministers or other bodies under powers given to them by an Act of Parliament, usually in the form of regulations or Orders in Council, these are all known as statutory instruments that once in effect are the same strength as primary legislation.
Statue Law/Parliamentary Process
Green paper - a consultation document put together by a government department. It is not a statement of policy but supposed to stimulate discussion by putting forward ideas for future government policy. Anyone can comment.
White paper - this explains the Governments preferred future policy on the subject before it introduces legislation. White paper allows the government to test public opinion and gather feedback before presenting a Bill to Parliament.
Common Law
Common law is a body of law that has been built up over many years, it is based on the principle of judicial precedent. Judicial precedent means that, when a decision has been made by a judge sitting in a court, that decision is binding in later cases where the facts are the same or similar.
Common law covers civil and criminal law.
Criminal Law
A crime happens when a person intentionally commits one of these activities or intentionally fails to do something required by criminal law, for most offences the intentions are important.
Most crimes are broken town into the criminal act and intent.
